The performance and intrinsic mechanism of vivianite, a natural mineral containing structural Fe(II), for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and pollutant degradation under dark conditions were comprehensively explored in this study. It was found that vivianite was able to efficiently activate PMS to degrade various pharmaceutical pollutants under dark conditions, in which the corresponding reaction rate constant of ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation was 47- and 32-fold higher than that of magnetite and siderite, respectively. SO₄^·−, ^·OH, Fe(IV) and electron-transfer processes were found in the vivianite-PMS system, while SO₄^·− was the main contributor to CIP degradation. Moreover, mechanistic explorations revealed that the Fe site on the surface of vivianite could bind PMS in the form of a bridge position, and thus vivianite could rapidly activate absorbed PMS due to its strong electron-donating ability. Additionally, it was illustrated that the used vivianite could be efficiently regenerated by either chemical or biological reduction. This study may provide an alternative application of vivianite in addition to phosphorus recovery from wastewater.

本研究全面探讨了蓝宝石（一种含有结构 Fe(II) 的天然矿物）在黑暗条件下对过一硫酸盐 (PMS) 活化和污染物降解的性能和内在机制。结果发现，在黑暗条件下，蓝宝石能够有效激活 PMS 降解多种药物污染物，其中相应的环丙沙星（CIP）降解反应速率常数分别比磁铁矿和菱铁矿高 47 倍和 32 倍。SO ₄ ^·− , ^· OH、Fe(IV) 和电子转移过程在菱镁矿-PMS 系统中被发现，而 SO ₄ ^·−是 CIP 降解的主要贡献者。此外，机理探索表明，蓝宝石表面的 Fe 位点可以以桥位的形式结合 PMS，因此由于其强大的给电子能力，蓝宝石可以快速激活吸收的 PMS。此外，还说明了使用过的蓝宝石可以通过化学或生物还原有效地再生。除了从废水中回收磷外，这项研究还可能提供菱镁矿的替代应用。