该研究旨在评估印度孙德尔本斯西部的三个热带河口（即 Muri-Ganga、Saptamukhi 和 Hooghly）水质参数的时空特征变化。从具有广泛热带需求的不同水生生态系统中可靠地检索近地表水质参数（如叶绿素 a、SST 和 TSM）的浓度一直是一个复杂的问题。在这项研究中，案例 2 区域色彩校正 (C2RCC) 处理器的应用已经在内陆和沿海水域的不同生物光学体系中的准确性进行了测试。还收集了同期的卫星图像，并使用 C2RCC 处理序列进行分析，以检索水深、表面反射率、水温等参数，固有光学特性 (IOP)、叶绿素-a、盐度、总悬浮物 (TSM) 等，使用 SNAP 软件。2017-2019 年期间，从这些河口内的特定位置进行了现场采样并进行了水质分析。OLCI 检索的数据集与实地调查数据集进行了比较和证实。据观察，在 2018 年季风前期，钻石港记录到的 TSM 含量最高（301.40 mg/L 实地值和 308.54 mg/L 估计值）。同样，叶绿素-a 在整个季风季节都有较高的浓度（3.03 mg m OLCI 检索的数据集与实地调查数据集进行了比较和证实。据观察，在 2018 年季风前期，钻石港记录到的 TSM 含量最高（301.40 mg/L 实地值和 308.54 mg/L 估计值）。同样，叶绿素-a 在整个季风季节都有较高的浓度（3.03 mg m OLCI 检索的数据集与实地调查数据集进行了比较和证实。据观察，在 2018 年季风前期，钻石港记录到的 TSM 含量最高（301.40 mg/L 实地值和 308.54 mg/L 估计值）。同样，叶绿素-a 在整个季风季节都有较高的浓度（3.03 mg m−3，（实地调查）和 2.96 mg m −3，（估计）在 Fraserganj 和 Sagar 南点。 在 OLCI 数据和原位测量之间观察到 Chl-a ( r = 0.829) 和 TSM ( r = 0.924) 的所有季节的非常好的相关性。更高的相关性和显着的“ r ”值突出了在以持续的方式理解任何动态系统中同时拥有基于现场和遥感的信息的重要性。结果还证实，使用 OLCI Chl-a 和 TSM 产品的水质模型优于传统技术。该研究证明了将 Sentinel 3 OCLI 数据用于浅海和河口遥感应用的有效性，尤其是用于监测 TSM 和 Chl-a 浓度。
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Estimation of Chlorophyll-a, TSM and salinity in mangrove dominated tropical estuarine areas of Hooghly River, North East Coast of Bay of Bengal, India using sentinel-3 data
The study aims to assess variations in spatio-temporal characteristics of water quality parameters from three tropical estuaries, namely Muri-Ganga, Saptamukhi, and Hooghly, in the western portion of the Indian Sundarbans. Reliable retrieval of near-surface concentration of water quality parameters such as Chlorophyll-a, SST & TSM from diverse aquatic ecosystems with broad ranges of tropical requirements has always remained a complex issue. In this study, application of Case 2 Regional Colour Correction (C2RCC) processor has been tested for its accuracy across different bio-optical regimes in both inland and coastal waters. Satellite images for the same period were also collected and analysed using the C2RCC processing sequence to retrieve parameters like the depth of water, surface reflectance, water temperature, inherent optical properties (IOPs), chlorophyll-a, salinity, total suspended matter (TSM), etc., using the SNAP software. In situ sampling from specific locations within these estuaries and water quality analysis were conducted for the period 2017–2019. The OLCI retrieved datasets were compared and corroborated with field survey datasets. It was observed that the highest amount of TSM was recorded at Diamond Harbour during the 2018 pre-monsoon season (301.40 mg/L field-based value and 308.54 mg/L estimated value). Similarly, chlorophyll-a had higher concentrations throughout the monsoon season (3.03 mg m−3, (field survey), and 2.96 mg m−3, (estimated) at Fraserganj and Sagar south points. A very good correlation was observed for all seasons for Chl-a (r = 0.829) and TSM (r = 0.924) between the OLCI data and in situ measurements. Higher correlation and significant ‘r’ values highlight the importance of having both field-based as well as remotely-sensed information in understanding any dynamic system in a sustained manner. Results also confirm that the water quality model using OLCI Chl-a and TSM products outperforms conventional techniques. The study demonstrates the efficacy of using Sentinel 3 OCLI data for shallow marine and estuarine remote sensing applications, especially for monitoring TSM and Chl-a concentrations.
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