Magnetic nanoparticles, particularly ZnFe₂O₄ are of enormous significance in biomedical and water treatment fields. However, chemical synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles endures some major limitations, e.g., the use of toxic substances, unsafe procedure, and cost-ineffectiveness. Biological methods are more preferable approaches since they take advantages of biomolecules available in plant extract serving as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Herein, we review plant-mediated synthesis and properties of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for multiple applications in catalytic and adsorption performance, biomedical, catalyst, and others. Effect of several factors such as Zn²⁺/Fe³⁺/extract ratio, and calcination temperature on morphology, surface chemistry, particle size, magnetism and bandgap energy of obtained ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were discussed. The photocatalytic activity and adsorption for removal of toxic dyes, antibiotics, and pesticides were also evaluated. Main results of antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities for biomedical applications were summarized and compared. Several limitations and prospects of green ZnFe₂O₄ as an alternative to traditional luminescent powders have been proposed.

磁性纳米粒子，尤其是ZnFe ₂ O ₄在生物医学和水处理领域具有重要意义。然而，ZnFe ₂ O ₄纳米粒子的化学合成存在一些主要限制，例如使用有毒物质、不安全的程序和成本低效。生物方法是更可取的方法，因为它们利用植物提取物中可用的生物分子作为还原剂、封端剂和稳定剂。在此，我们回顾了植物介导的 ZnFe ₂ O ₄纳米粒子的合成和性质，用于催化和吸附性能、生物医学、催化剂等多种应用。^{Zn 2+}等多种因素的影响讨论了/Fe ^{3+ /提取比、煅烧温度对所得ZnFe} ₂ O ₄纳米粒子的形貌、表面化学、粒径、磁性和带隙能的影响。还评估了去除有毒染料、抗生素和杀虫剂的光催化活性和吸附。总结和比较了生物医学应用的抗菌、抗真菌和抗癌活性的主要结果。已经提出了绿色 ZnFe ₂ O _{4作为传统发光粉的替代物的若干局限性和前景。}