可持续的木质素改性和加工方法：绿色化学是前进的方向,Green Chemistry

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可持续的木质素改性和加工方法：绿色化学是前进的方向
Green Chemistry ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d2gc04699g
Bram Jacobs _{1,

2} , Yawen Yao ₃ , Ine Van Nieuwenhove ₄ , Dhanjay Sharma ₁ , Geert-Jan Graulus ₂ , Katrien Bernaerts ₃ , An Verberckmoes ₁

Affiliation

鉴于社会依赖不可再生的化石资源作为能源，人类学对气候的影响已达到临界水平。因此，为了缓解这种情况，木质素可以在从石油基化学向更可持续和绿色方法的转变中发挥关键作用。市售木质素在很大程度上是工业木质素，它们是从苏打、硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐工艺中获得的，在较小程度上是来自生物精炼厂的木质素（即、有机溶剂和水解木质素）。然而，仅仅在应用层面加入木质素不足以提高可持续性和提高流程的绿色性。在这种情况下，还应考虑从木质素生物质到最终产品的路径。因此，在本次审查中，我们最初提出了 CHEM21 指标工具包的改编版，以根据战略选择的标准评估增值战略的绿色性。随后，我们对不同的溶剂进行了详细的评估，展示了多种溶剂的绿色性，这将对读者有所帮助。此外，它还可用作设计绿色离子液体的工具，可在木质素增值过程中应用。此外，绿色木质素改性和解聚策略（以增加溶解度，反应性和可加工性并提高结构均匀性和改变功能）根据绿色化学原则进行评估，考虑到经过调整的 CHEM21 指标工具包。最后，木质素的加工方法（即混合和聚合物合成）进行评估，以确定它们是否可以被视为可持续的方法。

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Sustainable lignin modifications and processing methods: green chemistry as the way forward

The anthropologic impact on climate has reached a critical level given that society relies on non-renewable fossil resources for energy. Thus, to alleviate this, lignins can play a key role in the transition from petroleum-based chemistry towards a more sustainable and green approach. The commercially available lignins are to a large extent technical lignins, which are obtained from the soda, Kraft or sulfite process, and to a lesser extent, lignins from biorefineries (i.e., organosolv and hydrolysis lignin). However, solely the incorporation of lignins at the application level is insufficient to improve sustainability and increase the greenness of processes. In this case, the path from lignin biomass to the final product should also be considered. Therefore, in this review, initially we present an adaptation of the CHEM21 metrics toolkit to assess the greenness of valorization strategies based on strategically chosen criteria. Subsequently, we present a detailed evaluation of different solvents, demonstrating the greenness of a wide variety of solvents, which will be beneficial to readers. In addition, it can be used as an instrument to design green ionic liquids that can be applied during the valorization of lignins. Furthermore, green lignin modification and depolymerization strategies (to increase the solubility, reactivity and processability and improve the structural uniformity and alter functionalities) are evaluated based on green chemistry principles considering the adapted CHEM21 metrics toolkit. Finally, the methods for processing lignins (i.e., blending and polymer synthesis) are assessed to determine if they can be considered sustainable approaches.

更新日期：2023-02-15

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