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Vapor-Deposited n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper Interface Layers Aid Charge Carrier Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02419 Carlo A. R. Perini 1 , Andres-Felipe Castro-Mendez 1 , Tim Kodalle 2 , Magdalena Ravello 1 , Juanita Hidalgo 1 , Martin Gomez-Dominguez 1 , Ruipeng Li 3 , Margherita Taddei 4 , Rajiv Giridharagopal 4 , Justin Pothoof 4 , Carolin M. Sutter-Fella 2 , David S. Ginger 4 , Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena 1
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02419 Carlo A. R. Perini 1 , Andres-Felipe Castro-Mendez 1 , Tim Kodalle 2 , Magdalena Ravello 1 , Juanita Hidalgo 1 , Martin Gomez-Dominguez 1 , Ruipeng Li 3 , Margherita Taddei 4 , Rajiv Giridharagopal 4 , Justin Pothoof 4 , Carolin M. Sutter-Fella 2 , David S. Ginger 4 , Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena 1
Affiliation
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Interfacial passivation with bulky organic cations such as phenetylammonium iodide has enabled high performance for metal halide perovskite optoelectronic devices. However, the homogeneity of these interfaces and their formation dynamics are poorly understood. We study how Ruddlesden–Popper 2D phases form at a 3D perovskite interface when the 2D precursors are introduced via solution or via vapor. When using vapor deposition, we observe uniform coverage of the capping layer and the formation of a predominantly n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper phase. In contrast, when using solution deposition, we observe the presence of a mixture of n = 2 and n = 1 in the film and the formation of aggregates of the organic cations. As a result of the better phase purity and uniformity, vapor deposition enables higher median solar cell performance with narrower distribution compared to solution-treated films. This study provides fundamental information that the perovskite community can use to better design capping layers to achieve higher charge extraction efficiencies.
中文翻译：
气相沉积 n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper 界面层有助于钙钛矿太阳能电池中的载流子提取
用苯乙基碘化铵等大体积有机阳离子进行界面钝化，使金属卤化物钙钛矿光电器件具有高性能。然而，人们对这些界面的同质性及其形成动力学知之甚少。我们研究了当通过溶液或蒸汽引入 2D 前驱体时，Ruddlesden-Popper 2D 相如何在 3D 钙钛矿界面形成。当使用气相沉积时，我们观察到覆盖层的均匀覆盖和主要n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper相的形成。相反，当使用溶液沉积时，我们观察到n = 2 和n的混合物的存在= 1 在膜中和有机阳离子聚集体的形成。由于更好的相纯度和均匀性，与溶液处理的薄膜相比，气相沉积能够实现更高的平均太阳能电池性能和更窄的分布。这项研究提供了钙钛矿社区可以用来更好地设计覆盖层以实现更高电荷提取效率的基本信息。
更新日期：2023-02-15
中文翻译：
气相沉积 n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper 界面层有助于钙钛矿太阳能电池中的载流子提取
用苯乙基碘化铵等大体积有机阳离子进行界面钝化，使金属卤化物钙钛矿光电器件具有高性能。然而，人们对这些界面的同质性及其形成动力学知之甚少。我们研究了当通过溶液或蒸汽引入 2D 前驱体时，Ruddlesden-Popper 2D 相如何在 3D 钙钛矿界面形成。当使用气相沉积时，我们观察到覆盖层的均匀覆盖和主要n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper相的形成。相反，当使用溶液沉积时，我们观察到n = 2 和n的混合物的存在= 1 在膜中和有机阳离子聚集体的形成。由于更好的相纯度和均匀性，与溶液处理的薄膜相比，气相沉积能够实现更高的平均太阳能电池性能和更窄的分布。这项研究提供了钙钛矿社区可以用来更好地设计覆盖层以实现更高电荷提取效率的基本信息。
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