The growing demand for complex three-dimensional (3D) micro-/nanostructures has inspired the development of the corresponding manufacturing techniques. Among these techniques, 3D fabrication based on mechanically guided assembly offers the advantages of broad material compatibility, high designability, and structural reversibility under strain but is not applicable for nanoscale device printing because of the bottleneck at nanofabrication and design technique. Herein, a configuration-designable nanoscale 3D fabrication is suggested through a robust nanotransfer methodology and design of substrate’s mechanical characteristics. Covalent bonding–based two-dimensional nanotransfer allowing for nanostructure printing on elastomer substrates is used to address fabrication problems, while the feasibility of configuration design through the modulation of substrate’s mechanical characteristics is examined using analytical calculations and numerical simulations, allowing printing of various 3D nanostructures. The printed nanostructures exhibit strain-independent electrical properties and are therefore used to fabricate stretchable H₂ and NO₂ sensors with high performances stable under external strains of 30%.

对复杂三维 (3D) 微/纳米结构不断增长的需求激发了相应制造技术的发展。在这些技术中，基于机械引导组装的 3D 制造具有广泛的材料兼容性、高可设计性和应变下的结构可逆性等优点，但由于纳米制造和设计技术的瓶颈，不适用于纳米级器件打印。在此，通过稳健的纳米转移方法和基板机械特性的设计，提出了一种可配置设计的纳米级 3D 制造。基于共价键的二维纳米转移允许在弹性体基板上打印纳米结构用于解决制造问题，同时使用分析计算和数值模拟检查通过调制基板的机械特性进行配置设计的可行性，从而允许打印各种 3D 纳米结构。印刷的纳米结构表现出与应变无关的电学特性，因此可用于制造可拉伸的 H₂和 NO ₂传感器在 30% 的外部应变下性能稳定。