Air-water system represents a ubiquitous interface that appears with a unique polar environment. Performing and studying chemistry at this interface is of growing importance for a sustainable future. Current advances in microdroplet chemistry hinted at the mysterious nature of water microdroplets, which is strikingly different from the corresponding bulk phase. Recently, we have revealed that reactive carbocation species can be captured and stabilized in water microdroplets by enhancing their lifetime up to 10⁹ times at or nearer to the air-water interface. This result is in contrast to the expectation as carbocations are conventionally known to be rapidly annihilated by the nucleophilic attack of water. This article aims to offer some critical insights on the possible surface/interface factors, based on experiments and literature precedence, that could primarily contribute to stabilizing carbocations. How the superacidic microdroplet surface with low water density and high electric field might allow carbocation dangling at the air-water interface is discussed.

空气-水系统代表了一个无处不在的界面，伴随着独特的极地环境出现。在这个界面上进行和研究化学对于可持续的未来越来越重要。微滴化学的当前进展暗示了水微滴的神秘性质，它与相应的体相截然不同。最近，我们发现通过将活性碳阳离子的寿命延长至 10 ^{9 ，可以捕获并稳定在水微滴中}时间在或接近空气-水界面。这一结果与预期相反，因为通常已知碳阳离子会被水的亲核攻击迅速湮灭。本文旨在根据实验和文献优先权，对可能的表面/界面因素提供一些重要见解，这些因素可能主要有助于稳定碳阳离子。讨论了具有低水密度和高电场的超酸性微滴表面如何允许碳正离子在空气-水界面悬空。