Exploring low-cost and highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting is crucial for developing sustainable energy systems. Hence, Ru-decorated cobalt-iron oxide nanosheet arrays derived from the metal-organic framework (MOF) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) double precursors on nickel foam (NF) was developed for the first time. It is found that the introduction of MOF and LDH double precursors can optimize the morphology of the nanosheets for increasing the electrochemically active surface area and reactive sites. Meanwhile, the modulation of Ru facilitates the electronic structure regulation in the catalytic process of Ru-CoFe₂O₄/NF, with low overpotentials of 253 and 87 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm⁻² for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline freshwater media, respectively. Moreover, Ru-CoFe₂O₄/NF || Ru-CoFe₂O₄/NF exhibits excellent performance for overall water splitting in alkaline freshwater and seawater media. This work proposes an exciting prospect for the facile fabrication of cost-effective electrocatalysts that enhance hydrogen production in electrocatalytic water and seawater electrolysis.

探索用于电化学水分解的低成本和高效双功能电催化剂对于开发可持续能源系统至关重要。因此，首次在泡沫镍 (NF) 上开发了衍生自金属有机骨架 (MOF) 和层状双氢氧化物 (LDH) 双前体的 Ru 修饰的钴铁氧化物纳米片阵列。发现引入 MOF 和 LDH 双前体可以优化纳米片的形态，以增加电化学活性表面积和反应位点。同时，Ru 的调制促进了 Ru-CoFe ₂ O _{4 /NF 催化过程中的电子结构调节，在 100 mA cm} ^-2的电流密度下具有 253 和 87 mV 的低过电势分别用于碱性淡水介质中的析氧反应（OER）和析氢反应（HER）。此外，Ru-CoFe ₂ O ₄ /NF || Ru-CoFe ₂ O ₄ /NF 在碱性淡水和海水介质中表现出优异的整体水分解性能。这项工作为轻松制造具有成本效益的电催化剂提供了令人兴奋的前景，这些电催化剂可以提高电催化水和海水电解中的氢气产量。