Background

Plants condition the soil in which they grow, thereby altering the performance of subsequent plants growing in this soil. This phenomenon, known as plant-soil feedback (PSF), has garnered increasing interest. Experiments are moving from single species soil pairings in the glasshouse to community-level field trials. Consequently, our knowledge of the role PSF plays in shaping ecosystem functions has advanced. However, knowledge gaps remain.

Scope

Here, we explore intrinsic and extrinsic abiotic and biotic drivers of PSF such as maternal effects, plant functional traits, self-DNA, plant-plant competition, herbivory, interactions between soil organisms, temperature, drought, flooding, greenhouse gases, (micro)nutrients, plant-litter-soil feedback and priority effects. These drivers have begun to feature in experiments, thereby increasing our mechanistic understanding of PSF. Nonetheless, many of these topics have received insufficient coverage to determine general principles across larger temporal and spatial scales. Further, conflicting terminology has excluded PSF studies from reviews and meta-analyses. We review terms such as soil sickness, Janzen-Connell hypothesis, soil-related invasive species work, soil legacies, allelopathy and soil-related succession that overlap with PSF but are generally not named as such.

Conclusion

Holistic experimental designs that consider the continual reciprocal feedback between the extrinsic environment, plants and soil, as well as the unification of terminologies are necessary if we are to realise the full potential of PSF for understanding and steering ecosystem processes. Here, we compile outstanding questions related to PSF research that emphasis the aforementioned topics and suggest ways to incorporate them into future research in order to advance plant-soil ecology.

中文翻译：

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植物-土壤反馈：结合未经测试的有影响力的驱动因素和协调术语

背景

植物调节它们生长的土壤，从而改变在该土壤中生长的后续植物的性能。这种被称为植物-土壤反馈 (PSF) 的现象引起了越来越多的关注。实验正在从温室中的单一物种土壤配对转向社区层面的田间试验。因此，我们对 PSF 在塑造生态系统功能中的作用的认识有所提高。然而，知识差距仍然存在。

范围

在这里，我们探讨了 PSF 的内在和外在非生物和生物驱动因素，例如母体效应、植物功能性状、自身 DNA、植物间竞争、食草动物、土壤生物之间的相互作用、温度、干旱、洪水、温室气体、（微观）养分、植物-凋落物-土壤反馈和优先效应。这些驱动程序已开始在实验中发挥作用，从而增加了我们对 PSF 的机械理解。尽管如此，其中许多主题都没有得到足够的覆盖，无法确定跨越更大时间和空间尺度的一般原则。此外，相互矛盾的术语已将 PSF 研究排除在评论和荟萃分析之外。我们回顾了诸如土壤病、Janzen-Connell 假说、与土壤相关的入侵物种工作、土壤遗产、

结论

如果我们要充分发挥 PSF 在理解和引导生态系统过程中的潜力，则必须考虑外部环境、植物和土壤之间的持续相互反馈以及术语统一的整体实验设计。在这里，我们汇编了与强调上述主题的 PSF 研究相关的突出问题，并提出了将它们纳入未来研究以推进植物-土壤生态学的方法。