In this study, sunflower seed husk biochar prepared by ZnCl₂-activated and hydrothermal carbonization (HZSF) was studied for its effectiveness in removing tetracycline (TC) from an aqueous solution. The physical and chemical properties of materials were characterized by different methods of surface analysis. The specific surface area of HZSF is significantly enhanced over 1200 times compared with non-modified biochar (HZSF: 1578.3 m²·g⁻¹, SF-700: 1.3 m²·g⁻¹), which has an enhancement effect on the TC adsorption capacity. The HZSF showed that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models could properly characterize the adsorption processes. In the Langmuir isotherm model, HZSF exhibited effective adsorption performance with q_max of 673.0 mg·g⁻¹ at 298 K for 24 h. The possible mechanisms for the adsorption process were the monolayer, chemical adsorption, and the participation of strong intermolecular forces. In general, HZSF has the potential to be a useful adsorbent for the elimination of antibiotics from water-based solutions.

在这项研究中，研究了通过 ZnCl ₂活化和水热碳化 (HZSF)制备的葵花籽壳生物炭从水溶液中去除四环素 (TC) 的有效性。通过不同的表面分析方法表征材料的物理和化学性质。与未改性生物炭相比，HZSF 的比表面积显着提高了 1200 多倍（HZSF：1578.3 m ² ·g ^-1，SF-700：1.3 m ² ·g ^-1), 对 TC 的吸附能力有增强作用。HZSF 表明 Langmuir 等温线和伪二级动力学模型可以正确表征吸附过程。在 Langmuir 等温线模型中，HZSF 表现出有效的吸附性能，在 298 K 下 24 h 的q _max为 673.0 mg·g ^{-1 。}吸附过程的可能机制是单分子层、化学吸附和强分子间作用力的参与。一般来说，HZSF 有潜力成为一种有用的吸附剂，用于从水基溶液中去除抗生素。