Eye drops are the most accessible therapy for ocular diseases, while inevitably suffering from their lower bioavailability which highly restricts the treatment efficacy. The introduction of nanotechnology has attracted considerable interest as it has advantages over conventional ones such as prolonged ocular surface retention time and enhanced ocular barrier penetrating properties, and achieving higher bioavailability and improved treatment efficacy. This review describes various ocular diseases treated with eye drops as well as the physiological and anatomical ocular barriers faced with through drug administration. It also summarizes the recent advances regarding the utilization of nanotechnology in developing eye drops, and how to optimize the nanocarrier-based ocular drug delivery systems. The prospective future research directions for nano-based eye drops are also discussed here.

眼药水是眼部疾病最容易获得的治疗方法，但不可避免地存在生物利用度较低的问题，极大地限制了治疗效果。纳米技术的引入引起了相当大的兴趣，因为它具有优于传统技术的优势，例如延长眼表保留时间和增强眼屏障穿透性能，并实现更高的生物利用度和改善的治疗效果。这篇综述描述了用滴眼液治疗的各种眼部疾病，以及通过给药所面临的生理和解剖学眼部障碍。它还总结了有关利用纳米技术开发滴眼液以及如何优化基于纳米载体的眼部给药系统的最新进展。