Cannabis is the fourth psychoactive substance to be legalized which are of far-reaching significance to the world. We analyzed data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to estimate the incidence and prevalence of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and calculated the disease burden of CUD in 204 countries and territories and 21 regions over the past three decades. We reported disease burden due to CUD in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rate (ASR), estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and analyzed associations between the burden of CUD and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles. Globally, the number of incidence cases of CUD was estimated to be increasing by 32.3% from 1990 to 2019 and males are nearly double higher than that of female. DALYs increase 38.6% from 1990. Young people aged 20–24 years old with cannabis use disorder have the highest DALYs in 2019, followed by those younger than 20 years old. India, Canada, USA, Qatar, Kenya, and high SDI quintile areas showed a high burden of disease. Nearly 200 million individuals are cannabis users worldwide, and CUD is a notable condition of GBD. The global cultivation of cannabis, rooted in different cultures, diversified access to cannabis, legalization in controversy, the promotion of medical cannabis, and many other factors promote the global cannabis industry is constantly updated and upgraded. It deserves more discussion in the future in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, socioeconomics, law, and policy improvement.

大麻是第四种合法化的精神活性物质，对世界具有深远的意义。我们分析了 2019 年全球疾病负担研究 (GBD) 的数据，以估计大麻使用障碍 (CUD) 的发病率和患病率，并计算了过去三十年 204 个国家和地区以及 21 个地区的 CUD 疾病负担。我们根据伤残调整生命年 (DALY)、年龄标准化率 (ASR)、估计年度百分比变化 (EAPC) 报告了 CUD 造成的疾病负担，并分析了 CUD 负担与社会人口指数 (SDI) 五分位数之间的关联。从 1990 年到 2019 年，全球 CUD 发病人数估计增加了 32.3%，男性几乎是女性的两倍。 DALY 比 1990 年增加了 38.6%。 20-24 岁患有大麻使用障碍的年轻人 2019 年 DALY 最高，其次是 20 岁以下的年轻人。印度、加拿大、美国、卡塔尔、肯尼亚和高 SDI 五分位数地区显示出较高的疾病负担。全球有近 2 亿人是大麻使用者，而 CUD 是 GBD 的一个值得注意的病症。全球大麻种植、植根于不同文化、大麻获取渠道多元化、合法化争议、医用大麻推广等诸多因素推动全球大麻产业不断更新升级。未来值得从病理生理机制、社会经济学、法律和政策完善等方面进行更多讨论。