The Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) is a robust high-gain gas-avalanche electron multiplier – a building block of a variety of radiation detectors. It can be manufactured economically by standard printed-circuit drilling and etching technology. We present a detailed review of the THGEM and its derivatives. We focus on the physics phenomena that govern their operation and performances under different operation conditions. Technological aspects associated with the production of these detectors and their current and potential applications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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厚气体电子倍增器及其衍生物：物理、技术和应用

浓气体电子倍增器 (THGEM) 是一种强大的高增益气体雪崩电子倍增器——各种辐射探测器的构建模块。它可以通过标准印刷电路钻孔和蚀刻技术经济地制造。我们对 THGEM 及其衍生产品进行了详细审查。我们专注于控制它们在不同操作条件下的操作和性能的物理现象。讨论了与这些探测器的生产相关的技术方面及其当前和潜在的应用。