As atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise and climate change becomes more destructive, geoengineering has become a subject of serious consideration. By reflecting a fraction of incoming sunlight, solar geoengineering could cool the planet quickly, but with uncertain effects on regional climatology, particularly hydrological patterns. Here, we review recent work on projected hydrologic outcomes of solar geoengineering, in the context of a robust literature on hydrological responses to climate change. While most approaches to solar geoengineering are expected to weaken the global hydrologic cycle, regional effects will vary based on implementation method and strategy. The literature on the hydrologic outcomes and impacts of geoengineering demonstrates that its implications for human welfare will depend on assumptions about underlying social conditions and objectives of intervention as well as the social lens through which projected effects are interpreted. We conclude with suggestions to reduce decision-relevant uncertainties in this novel field of Earth science inquiry. ▪The expected hydrological effects of reducing insolation are among the most uncertain and consequential impacts of solar geoengineering (SG).▪Theoretical frameworks from broader climate science can help explain SG's effects on global precipitation, relative humidity, and other aspects of hydroclimate.▪The state of the knowledge on hydrological impacts of SG is unevenly concentrated among regions.▪Projected hydrological impacts from SG are scenario dependent and difficult to characterize as either harmful or beneficial.

中文翻译：

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太阳能地球工程的水文影响


随着大气中二氧化碳浓度的上升和气候变化的破坏性越来越大，地球工程已成为一个值得认真考虑的主题。通过反射一小部分入射阳光，太阳能地球工程可以迅速为地球降温，但对区域气候，特别是水文模式的影响不确定。在这里，我们在关于水文对气候变化响应的可靠文献的背景下，回顾了最近关于太阳能地球工程预测水文结果的工作。虽然预计大多数太阳能地球工程方法都会削弱全球水文循环，但区域影响将根据实施方法和策略而有所不同。关于地球工程的水文结果和影响的文献表明，它对人类福祉的影响将取决于对潜在社会条件和干预目标的假设，以及解释预测影响的社会视角。最后，我们提出了减少地球科学研究这一新领域中与决策相关的不确定性的建议。▪减少日照的预期水文影响是太阳能地球工程 （SG） 最不确定和最重要的影响之一。▪来自更广泛的气候科学的理论框架可以帮助解释 SG 对全球降水、相对湿度和水文气候其他方面的影响。▪关于 SG 水文影响的知识状况在各地区之间集中不均。▪预计 SG 的水文影响取决于情景，难以描述要么有害，要么有益。