Photocatalytic removal of volatile organic compounds with high efficiency has great potential in environmental protection. Herein, WO₃/Bi₂WO₆ (WBWO) composite in a direct Z-scheme was fabricated by a simple hydrothermal process for efficient photocatalytic removal of toluene. WBWO-3 (the mass ratio of WO₃ and Bi₂WO₆ is 3:1) presented the highest photocatalytic toluene conversion rate of 92 % within 60 min, which was much better than pure WO₃ (45 %) and Bi₂WO₆ (63 %). The excellent photocatalytic performance of WBWO benefits from constructing a direct Z-scheme of energy band structure, which promotes effective charge separation while retaining the intrinsic redox capacity of the catalyst. The mechanism studies revealed that hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (·O^2–) are the important active radicals in photocatalytic toluene oxidation. Meanwhile, a series of intermediates were identified by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), which revealed the reaction pathways for the efficient conversion of toluene. This study provides a new perspective for designing catalysts with a direct Z-scheme for efficient photocatalysis catalysis.

光催化高效去除挥发性有机化合物在环境保护方面具有巨大潜力。在此，直接 Z 型 WO ₃ /Bi ₂ WO ₆ (WBWO) 复合材料通过简单的水热工艺制备，用于有效光催化去除甲苯。WBWO-3​​（WO ₃与Bi ₂ WO ₆的质量比为3:1）在60分钟内表现出最高的光催化甲苯转化率92%，远优于纯WO ₃（45%）和Bi ₂ WO _6个(63%)。WBWO优异的光催化性能得益于构建了直接的Z型能带结构，促进了有效的电荷分离，同时保持了催化剂固有的氧化还原能力。机理研究表明，羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧自由基(·O ^2– )是光催化甲苯氧化的重要活性基团。同时，通过原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱（原位DRIFTS）鉴定了一系列中间体，揭示了甲苯高效转化的反应途径。该研究为设计具有直接Z-方案的催化剂以实现高效光催化提供了新的视角。