While boys and men have historically been underrepresented in eating disorder research, increasing interest and research during the twenty-first century have contributed important knowledge to the field. In this article, we review the epidemiology of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia (the pathological pursuit of muscularity) in boys and men; specific groups of men at increased risk for eating disorders; sociocultural, psychological, and biological vulnerability factors; and male-specific assessment measures. We also provide an overview of current research on eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia prevention efforts, treatment outcomes, and mortality risk in samples of boys and men. Priorities for future research are including boys and men in epidemiological studies to track changes in incidence, identifying (neuro)biological factors contributing to risk, eliminating barriers to treatment access and utilization, and refining male-specific prevention and treatment efforts.

中文翻译：

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男孩和男性的饮食失调


虽然男孩和男性在饮食失调研究中历来代表性不足，但 21 世纪日益增长的兴趣和研究为该领域贡献了重要的知识。在本文中，我们回顾了男孩和男性饮食失调和肌肉变形（对肌肉的病理追求）的流行病学;饮食失调风险增加的特定男性群体;社会文化、心理和生物脆弱性因素;以及针对男性的评估措施。我们还概述了当前关于男孩和男性样本中饮食失调和肌肉变形预防工作、治疗结果和死亡风险的研究。未来研究的重点是将男孩和男性纳入流行病学研究，以跟踪发病率的变化，确定导致风险的（神经）生物因素，消除治疗获得和利用的障碍，以及改进针对男性的预防和治疗工作。