Open questions on liquid–liquid phase separation,Communications Chemistry

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Open questions on liquid–liquid phase separation
Communications Chemistry ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-02-03 , DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00823-7
Evan Spruijt ₁

Affiliation

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies the formation of intracellular membraneless compartments in biology and may have played a role in the formation of protocells that concentrate key chemicals during the origins of life. While LLPS of simple systems, such as oil and water, is well understood, many aspects of LLPS in complex, out-of-equilibrium molecular systems remain elusive. Here, the author discusses open questions and recent insights related to the formation, function and fate of such condensates both in cell biology and protocell research. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) underlies the formation of intracellular membraneless compartments in biology and may have played a role in the formation of protocells that concentrate key chemicals during the origins of life. While LLPS of simple systems, such as oil and water, is well understood, many aspects of LLPS in complex, out-of-equilibrium molecular systems remain elusive. Here, the author discusses open questions and recent insights related to the formation, function and fate of such condensates both in cell biology and protocell research.

中文翻译：

关于液-液相分离的开放性问题

液-液相分离 (LLPS) 是生物学中细胞内无膜区室形成的基础，并且可能在生命起源期间浓缩关键化学物质的原始细胞的形成中发挥了作用。虽然简单系统（如油和水）的 LLPS 已广为人知，但复杂、失衡分子系统中 LLPS 的许多方面仍然难以捉摸。在这里，作者讨论了细胞生物学和原始细胞研究中与此类凝聚物的形成、功能和归宿相关的开放性问题和最新见解。液-液相分离 (LLPS) 是生物学中细胞内无膜区室形成的基础，并且可能在生命起源期间浓缩关键化学物质的原始细胞的形成中发挥了作用。而简单系统的 LLPS，例如油和水，众所周知，复杂的非平衡分子系统中 LLPS 的许多方面仍然难以捉摸。在这里，作者讨论了细胞生物学和原始细胞研究中与此类凝聚物的形成、功能和归宿相关的开放性问题和最新见解。

更新日期：2023-02-05

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