In this study, a rational theoretical expression and effective numerical realization of the hydration temperature evolution of concrete are presented. The proposed novel numerical method is based on the Fourier's law for heat flux, the heat source function which is obtained from the dissolution of cement clinker by the modified Parrot and Killoh model, and also takes into account the Arrhenius equation. Experimental temperature measurements performed on three different specimens under semi-adiabatic and adiabatic conditions are used to validate the proposed model. The results show that the measured semi-adiabatic and adiabatic temperatures of the SCM-blended concrete mixtures are in general agreement with the simulation results. The method proposed in this study can also predict the temperature field of mass concrete, providing guidance for practical engineering.