The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.

中文翻译：

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层状结构各向异性金属硫族化物：合成、调制和应用的最新进展

低对称性各向异性（一维和二维）金属硫族化物 (MC) 的独特电子和催化特性引起了人们对下一代电子产品、光电子产品、电化学储能设备和化学传感设备的极大兴趣。尽管迄今为止有许多概念验证演示，但各向异性硫族化物的全部潜力仍有待研究。本文全面概述了各向异性硫族化物的合成、机理理解、性能调制策略和应用方面的最新进展。它首先介绍基本晶体结构，然后介绍一维和二维 MC 的独特物理和化学性质。各向异性 MC 晶体的受控合成路线总结了溶液相合成、气相合成和剥离的示例进展。讨论了调节各向异性 MC 的尺寸、相、组成、缺陷和异质结构的几种重要方法。最近在电子、光电设备、催化剂、电池、超级电容器、传感平台和热电设备方面的应用取得了重大进展。文章最后展望了未来各向异性 MC 的学术研究和实际工程中需要解决的机遇和挑战。最近在电子、光电设备、催化剂、电池、超级电容器、传感平台和热电设备方面的应用取得了重大进展。文章最后展望了未来各向异性 MC 的学术研究和实际工程中需要解决的机遇和挑战。最近在电子、光电设备、催化剂、电池、超级电容器、传感平台和热电设备方面的应用取得了重大进展。文章最后展望了未来各向异性 MC 的学术研究和实际工程中需要解决的机遇和挑战。