This study aims to investigate the electrochromic behavior of a Y-shaped, water-soluble monosubstituted viologen analog, BPYDB-C₆H₁₃, in different electrolyte systems. Two all-in-one gel-type ECDs (CMC-Na-ECD and CMC-Na-PAM-ECD) with CMC-Na hydrogel and CMC-Na-PAM double network hydrogel as the electrolytes and a solution-type ECD (DIW-ECD) were fabricated, and the electrochromic behaviors of BPYDB-C₆H₁₃ in different electrolytes were studied. Compared to DIW-ECD, the gel-state ECDs, especially CMC-Na-PAM-ECD with double network channel, showed enhanced cycling stability (retaining of the initial optical contrast after 12,000 s: 99.0% versus 95.5%), improved coloration efficiency (168.5 cm²/C versus 64.3 cm²/C), lower power consumption (0.55 mW/cm² versus 2.11 mW/cm²), and longer memory time, because CMC-Na-PAM hydrogel had a larger pore size and a smoother transfer path than CMC-Na, thus reduced the path of charge transfer, and enhanced the ionic conductivity. The characteristics of easy-to-make, better electrochromic performance, and ultra-low power consumption make this gel-state ECD a promising candidate for applications in the fields of electronic paper, smart windows, displays, etc.

本研究旨在研究 Y 形水溶性单取代紫精类似物 BPYDB-C ₆ H ₁₃在不同电解质体系中的电致变色行为。两种一体化凝胶型 ECD（CMC-Na-ECD 和 CMC-Na-PAM-ECD），以 CMC-Na 水凝胶和 CMC-Na-PAM 双网络水凝胶为电解质，溶液型 ECD（DIW -ECD)，研究了BPYDB-C ₆ H ₁₃在不同电解质中的电致变色行为。与 DIW-ECD 相比，凝胶态 ECD，尤其是具有双网络通道的 CMC-Na-PAM-ECD，显示出增强的循环稳定性（12,000 秒后初始光学对比度的保留：99.0% 对 95.5%），显色效率提高（168.5 厘米² /C 对 64.3 厘米² /C）、更低的功耗（0.55 mW/cm ²对比 2.11 mW/cm ²）和更长的记忆时间，因为 CMC-Na-PAM 水凝胶比 CMC-Na 具有更大的孔径和更平滑的传输路径，因此减少电荷转移路径，提高离子电导率。易于制作、更好的电致变色性能和超低功耗的特点使这种凝胶态 ECD 成为电子纸、智能窗、显示器等领域应用的有前途的候选者。