Microorganisms have a superior biodegradability on biomass carbon. Herein, active yeast fermented cottonseed meal (FCM) by used as carbon precursor and K₂CO₃ as activator to prepare high O and N-doped porous carbon. The fermentation process not only decomposes the structural units of CM but also creates pore structure and increases the O, N group of the fermented CM (FCM). Most importantly, fermentation can improve the activation efficiency of K₂CO₃ and enhance the oxygen content. The optimized FCM-700-2 exhibits high O (19.45 at%) and N (3.13 at%) contents and hierarchical porous structure. The specific capacitance can reach up to 384 F g^-1 in 6 M KOH. What’s more, we prepare a novel potassium citrate-agar gel electrolyte (PCA) with high operating voltage. The flexible symmetrical capacitor assembled with a commercial level mass loading of FCM-700-2 and PCA gel electrolyte delivers a high energy density of 27.4 Wh kg^-1. Meanwhile, more than 109% of initial specific capacitance retains after 12, 000 cycles. This study provides a fermentation assisted strategy to prepare porous carbon materials, which has the advantage of simple, efficient, low activator ratio and high heteroatoms contents.

微生物对生物质碳具有优越的生物降解能力。本文以活性酵母发酵棉籽粕(FCM)为碳源，K ₂ CO ₃为活化剂制备高氧氮掺杂多孔碳。发酵过程不仅分解了CM的结构单元，还产生了孔隙结构，增加了发酵CM（FCM）的O、N基团。最重要的是，发酵可以提高K ₂ CO ₃的活化效率并提高氧含量。优化后的 FCM-700-2 具有高 O（19.45 at%）和 N（3.13 at%）含量和多级多孔结构。比电容可达384 F g ^{- 1}在 6 M KOH 中。更重要的是，我们制备了一种具有高工作电压的新型柠檬酸钾-琼脂凝胶电解质 (PCA)。柔性对称电容器装配有商业级质量负载的 FCM-700-2 和 PCA 凝胶电解质，可提供 27.4 Wh kg ^{- 1}的高能量密度。同时，在 12, 000 次循环后仍保留超过 109% 的初始比电容。本研究提供了一种发酵辅助策略制备多孔碳材料，具有简单、高效、低活化剂比例和高杂原子含量等优点。