To simplify the manufacture and address the intrinsic flammability of epoxy resin (EP) products, the single-component, fire-safe EP systems are increasingly in demand. However, current design strategy is difficult to achieve the simultaneous improvement in storage stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Herein, a phosphorus/imidazole-containing, aluminum-based complex (ADIM) was synthesized, and applied as a latent curing agent for EP. The shelf life of EP/ADIM system reached 30 days, and its gel time at 150 °C was only 42 min, indicative of great thermal latency and fast curing rate. EP/ADIM thermoset showed superior flame retardancy, as confirmed by a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35.0% and a UL-94 V-0 classification. In addition, the total smoke production and maximum smoke density of EP/ADIM thermoset were 38.7% and 22.3% lower than those of EP thermoset cured by imidazole (EP/IM), demonstrating obviously-enhanced smoke suppression. ADIM inhibited the heat release and smoke generation of the EP matrix via radical capturing and catalytic charring. Moreover, EP/ADIM thermoset exhibited comparable thermal resistance and mechanical properties to EP/IM thermoset. Hence, this work offers an integrated design strategy for creating high-performance, fire-safe, single-component EP with well-preserved mechanical and thermal properties.

为了简化制造并解决环氧树脂 (EP) 产品固有的易燃性问题，对单组分防火 EP 系统的需求越来越大。然而，目前的设计策略难以实现储存稳定性、阻燃性和抑烟性的同时提高。在此，合成了一种含磷/咪唑的铝基络合物 (ADIM)，并将其用作 EP 的潜在固化剂。EP/ADIM体系的保质期达到30天，其在150℃下的凝胶时间仅为42分钟，热潜伏期大，固化速度快。EP/ADIM 热固性塑料表现出优异的阻燃性，极限氧指数 (LOI) 为 35.0% 并且符合 UL-94 V-0 等级。此外，EP/ADIM热固塑料的总发烟量和最大发烟密度分别为38.7%和22%。比咪唑固化的 EP 热固性材料 (EP/IM) 低 3%，表明抑烟效果明显增强。ADIM抑制了EP基体的放热和发烟通过自由基捕获和催化炭化。此外，EP/ADIM 热固性塑料表现出与 EP/IM 热固性塑料相当的耐热性和机械性能。因此，这项工作提供了一种集成设计策略，用于创建具有保存完好的机械和热性能的高性能、防火、单组分 EP。