Human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) has one of the most rapidly increasing incidences of any cancer in high-income countries. The most recent (8th) edition of the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system separates HPV-OPSCC from its HPV-negative counterpart to account for the improved prognosis seen in the former. Indeed, owing to its improved prognosis and greater prevalence in younger individuals, numerous ongoing trials are examining the potential for treatment deintensification as a means to improve quality of life while maintaining acceptable survival outcomes. Owing to the distinct biology of HPV-OPSCCs, targeted therapies and immunotherapies have become an area of particular interest. Importantly, OPSCC is often detected at an advanced stage, highlighting the need for diagnostic biomarkers to aid in earlier detection. In this review, we highlight important advances in the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, and clinical management of HPV-OPSCC and underscore the need for a progressive understanding of the molecular basis of this disease toward early detection and precision care.

中文翻译：

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口咽癌，特别关注 HPV 相关鳞状细胞癌


人瘤病毒阳性口咽鳞状细胞癌 （HPV-OPSCC） 是高收入国家发病率增长最快的癌症之一。国际癌症控制联盟/美国癌症联合委员会分期系统的最新 （8 版） 将 HPV-OPSCC 与其 HPV 阴性对应物分开，以解释前者预后改善。事实上，由于其预后改善和在年轻人中的患病率更高，许多正在进行的试验正在研究治疗去强化的潜力，作为提高生活质量同时保持可接受的生存结果的一种手段。由于 HPV-OPSCCs 的独特生物学特性，靶向治疗和免疫治疗已成为特别令人感兴趣的领域。重要的是，OPSCC 通常在晚期被发现，这凸显了诊断生物标志物有助于早期发现的必要性。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 HPV-OPSCC 流行病学、病理学、诊断和临床管理方面的重要进展，并强调需要逐步了解这种疾病的分子基础，以实现早期检测和精准护理。