Green synthesis of nanomaterials is a current topic of extensive research and a number of green approaches as microorganisms and plant extracts have been explored as an alternative method for their synthesis. In this current work, an attempt has been made to observe the properties of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag₂O NPs), chemically prepared from silver ammonia complex by the traditional sol-gel method using citric acid, as well as from a green approach using aqueous leaf extract of Salix Integra. The synthesized Ag₂O NPs were characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction technique (PXRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). PXRD analysis showed that, the average particle size of the Ag₂O NPs is 17.5 nm and 27.5 nm respectively from the chemical and the green approach. Green approach based Ag₂O NPs and Salix Integra leaf extract are tested against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus). In addition the Ag₂O Nps were found to be effective against different microbial strains like M. tuberculosis H37Rv, M. Chelonae, M. Abscessus, and M. Fortuitum.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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用于合成 Ag2O 纳米粒子及其抗菌活性的绿色化学方法

纳米材料的绿色合成是当前广泛研究的主题，并且已经探索了许多绿色方法，例如微生物和植物提取物作为其合成的替代方法。在当前的这项工作中，已经尝试观察氧化银纳米粒子 (Ag ₂ O NPs) 的特性，这些纳米粒子是通过使用柠檬酸的传统溶胶-凝胶法以及使用绿色方法从银氨络合物化学制备的Salix Integra的水性叶提取物。合成的Ag ₂通过粉末 X 射线衍射技术 (PXRD)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT) 对 O NPs 进行了表征-IR）。PXRD分析表明，化学法和绿色法制备的Ag ₂ O NPs的平均粒径分别为17.5 nm和27.5 nm。基于绿色方法的 Ag ₂ O NPs 和Salix Integra叶提取物针对革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）和革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）进行了测试。此外，发现 Ag ₂ O Nps 对不同的微生物菌株有效，例如结核分枝杆菌 H37Rv、龟分枝杆菌、脓肿分枝杆菌和偶发分枝杆菌。

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