乙醇溶剂用于构建超低温长循环寿命锌离子电容器,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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乙醇溶剂用于构建超低温长循环寿命锌离子电容器
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19041
Pengyun Hu _{1,

2} , Xianyou Luo _{1,

2} , Tianzhao Hu _{3,

4} , Shaorui Chen _{3,

5} , De Li ₂ , Yong Chen _{1,

2} , Feng Li _{3,

5}

Affiliation

锌离子电容器 (ZIC) 因其高功率密度、低成本和长寿命而获得巨大吸引力，但由于电解质水溶液的凝固点不理想，其低温性能不佳仍然是一个挑战。难以满足严寒环境以及航天环境中的极端低温和剧烈温度波动的要求。_{在此，使用含有 ZnCl 2}的乙醇 (EtOH) 溶剂作为电解质来解决这些问题。受益于 EtOH 的低凝固点 (−114 °C)，ZIC 与 ZnCl ₂/EtOH 电解质可在 −78 °C 的超低温下运行。它还展示了超过 30,000 次循环的长期循环稳定性。这种增强归因于 [ZnCl(EtOH) ₅ ] ⁺的独特性质，可以稳定 Zn ²⁺的配位环境，减缓扩散率，提高成核过电位，导致均匀的 Zn 电镀/剥离并随后抑制枝晶生长。_{同时，ZnCl 2} /EtOH 中比 ZnSO ₄ /H ₂ O 电解质中更低的活化能赋予 ZIC 优异的电荷转移性能。这项工作为具有长循环寿命的超低温 ZICs 提供了一种令人着迷的电解质和可行的途径。

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Ethanol Solvent Used in Constructing Ultra-Low-Temperature Zinc-Ion Capacitors with a Long Cycling Life

Zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) gain enormous attraction for their high power density, low cost, and long life, but their poor low-temperature performance is still a challenge due to the dissatisfactory freezing point of aqueous electrolyte solution. It is difficult for them to meet the requirements in cold environments as well as the extreme low temperature and severe temperature fluctuations in aerospace environments. Herein, ethanol (EtOH) solvent with ZnCl₂ is used as an electrolyte to address these issues. Benefiting from the low freezing point (−114 °C) of EtOH, the ZIC with the ZnCl₂/EtOH electrolyte can be operated at an ultralow temperature of −78 °C. It also demonstrates long cycling stability over 30,000 cycles. Such an enhancement is attributed to the unique properties of [ZnCl(EtOH)₅]⁺ that can stabilize the coordination environment of Zn²⁺, slow the diffusivity, and raise the nucleation overpotential, leading to uniform Zn plating/stripping and subsequently suppressing dendrite growth. Meanwhile, the lower activation energy in ZnCl₂/EtOH than that in ZnSO₄/H₂O electrolytes endows the ZIC excellent charge transfer properties. This work provides a fascinating electrolyte and a feasible pathway for ultra-low-temperature ZICs with a long cycling life.

更新日期：2023-01-19

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