Cyanobacteria as phototrophic microorganisms bear great potential to produce chemicals from sustainable resources such as light and CO₂. Most studies focus on either strain engineering or tackling metabolic constraints. Recently gained knowledge on internal electron and carbon fluxes and their regulation provides new opportunities to efficiently channel cellular resources toward product formation. Concomitantly, novel photobioreactor concepts are developed to ensure sufficient light supply. This review summarizes the newest developments in the field of cyanobacterial engineering to finally establish photosynthesis-based production processes. A holistic approach tackling genetic, metabolic, and biochemical engineering in parallel is considered essential to turn their application into an ecoefficient and economically feasible option for a future green bioeconomy.

_{蓝藻作为光养微生物，具有利用光和CO 2}等可持续资源生产化学品的巨大潜力. 大多数研究侧重于应变工程或解决代谢限制。最近获得的有关内部电子和碳通量及其调节的知识为有效地将细胞资源引导至产物形成提供了新的机会。同时，开发了新颖的光生物反应器概念以确保充足的光照。本综述总结了蓝藻工程领域的最新进展，最终建立了基于光合作用的生产工艺。并行处理遗传、代谢和生化工程的整体方法被认为对于将其应用转化为未来绿色生物经济的生态高效和经济可行的选择至关重要。