The lack of anammox seeds is regarded as the bottleneck of anammox-based processes. Although the interactions in anammox consortia have attracted increasing attention, little is known about the influence of inoculated sludge populations on the growth of anammox bacteria. In this study, four sludge of distinct communities mixed with anammox sludge (the relative abundance of Ca. Kuenenia was 1.96%) were used as the seeds, respectively for the start-up of anammox processes. Notably, all these mixed microbial communities tend to form a similar microbial community, defined as the anammox core, containing anammox-bacteria (22.9±5.9%), ammonia-oxidizing-bacteria (0.8±0.7%), nitrite-oxidizing-bacteria (0.2±0.2%), Chloroflexi-bacteria (0.7±0.4%), and heterotrophic-denitrification-bacteria (0.3±0.2%). It also elucidated that the communities of Nitrosomonas-dominated sludge were the closest to the anammox core, and achieved the highest nitrogen-removal rate of 0.73 kg-N m^-3 d^-1. This study sheds light on the solution to the shortage of anammox seeds in the full-scale wastewater treatment application.

缺乏厌氧氨氧化种子被认为是基于厌氧氨氧化工艺的瓶颈。尽管厌氧氨氧化菌群中的相互作用引起了越来越多的关注，但人们对接种污泥种群对厌氧氨氧化细菌生长的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，四种不同群落的污泥与厌氧氨氧化污泥（Ca. Kuenenia 的相对丰度为 1.96%）混合用作种子，分别用于启动厌氧氨氧化过程。值得注意的是，所有这些混合微生物群落倾向于形成一个相似的微生物群落，定义为厌氧氨氧化核心，包含厌氧氨氧化细菌（22.9±5.9%）、氨氧化细菌（0.8±0.7%）、亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（ 0.2±0.2%), Chloroflexi-细菌 (0.7±0.4%) 和异养反硝化细菌 (0.3±0.2%)。它还阐明了以亚硝化单胞菌为主的污泥群落最接近厌氧氨氧化核心，并实现了0.73 kg-N m ^-3 d ^-1的最高脱氮率。本研究揭示了在全面废水处理应用中厌氧氨氧化种子短缺的解决方案。