Ultra-lightweight, resilient but robust thermal insulating materials are expected to work in harsh environments, which is of increasing demand. In this work, the comprehensive performances are initially achieved in a unique ‘ceramer’ aerogel through combining excellent properties of ceramic silica (e.g. lightweight and flame-retardance) and of polymer polyimide (e.g. high strength/modulus and hydrophobicity) but avoiding brittleness and poor processability of the ceramic and low heat resistance of the polymer. The aerogel with honeycomb-like skeleton of silica nanofibers interpenetrated by polyimide forming a bicontinuous network is constructed via a viable approach. The ceramer aerogel not only maintains high and fast recoverability even after 10³ compression cycles with 60% strain but also exhibits excellent fatigue resistance (10⁵ cycles) over a wide temperature range (up to 400 °C). Moreover, the aerogel possesses strong intrinsic hydrophobicity, flame retardancy and ultralow thermal conductivity. This work provides an innovative methodology for designing thermal-insulating aerogels with excellent comprehensive properties and capability for mass production.

超轻、有弹性但坚固的隔热材料有望在日益增长的需求的恶劣环境中工作。在这项工作中，通过结合陶瓷二氧化硅（例如轻质和阻燃）和聚合物聚酰亚胺（例如高强度/模量和疏水性）的优异性能，同时避免了脆性和不良性，在独特的“陶瓷单体”气凝胶中初步实现了综合性能陶瓷的可加工性和聚合物的低耐热性。通过一种可行的方法构建了具有蜂窝状二氧化硅纳米纤维骨架的气凝胶，聚酰亚胺相互渗透形成双连续网络。陶瓷体气凝胶不仅在 10 ³具有 60% 应变的压缩循环，而且在很宽的温度范围（高达 400 °C）内还表现出出色的抗疲劳性（10 ^{5循环）。}此外，气凝胶具有很强的固有疏水性、阻燃性和超低导热性。这项工作为设计具有优异综合性能和大规模生产能力的隔热气凝胶提供了一种创新方法。