Organophosphorus esters (OPEs) may cause potential risks to human health and ecological environment safety when they enter water. In this study, A lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) exposed to dichlorvos (DDVP) was carried out to reveal removal effect and mechanism of DDVP in VFCWs. The findings indicated CWs can remove DDVP with 94%–95% average removal efficiency in long-term operation. Besides, soluble phosphate (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) were removed by VFCWs with 48.60%–64.10% average removal efficiency, and the addition of DDVP enhanced the effect of CWs on nitrogen removal. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that Massiilia (2.67%–18.06%), Denitratisoma (2.07%–3.80%) and SM1A02 (2.85%–4.67%) played an important role in the removal process of DDVP in VFCWs. Proteomics of plant root showed that A0A3B6ARQ4 (increased 29.53 times) and LOC_Os11g38050.1 protein (decreased 0.001 times) responsed more sensitive to OPEs which suggested DDVP enhancesenhancing plants energy production and hydrolyase synthesis, thereby promoting it hydrolysis. Therefore, the use of VFCWs to treat organic phosphate wastewater has future prospects.