The diffusion of heavy quarks through the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) as produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions has long been recognized as an excellent probe of its transport properties. In addition, the experimentally observed heavy-flavor hadrons carry valuable information about the hadronization process of the transported quarks. Here we review recent progress in the theoretical developments of heavy-quark interactions in the QGP and how they relate to the nonperturbative hadronization process, and discuss the recent status of the pertinent phenomenology in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and the LHC. The interactions of heavy quarks in the QGP also constitute a central building block in the description of the heavy quarkonia which controls their transport parameters as well. We will thus focus on theoretical approaches that aim for a unified description of open and hidden heavy-flavor particles in medium, and discuss how they can be constrained by lattice-QCD “data” and utilized to deduce fundamental properties of the microscopic interactions and emerging spectral properties of the strongly coupled QGP.

长期以来，重夸克在高能重离子碰撞中产生的夸克-胶子等离子体 (QGP) 扩散一直被认为是对其传输特性的极好探索。此外，实验观察到的重味强子携带着关于输运夸克强子化过程的宝贵信息。在这里，我们回顾了 QGP 中重夸克相互作用的理论发展及其与非微扰强子化过程的关系的最新进展，并讨论了 RHIC 和 LHC 重离子碰撞相关现象学的最新状况。QGP 中重夸克的相互作用也构成了重夸克尼亚描述的核心组成部分，它也控制着它们的传输参数。