Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children and adolescents are an increasingly visible yet highly stigmatized group. These youth experience more psychological distress than not only their cisgender, heterosexual peers but also their cisgender, sexual minority peers. In this review, we document these mental health disparities and discuss potential explanations for them using a minority stress framework. We also discuss factors that may increase and decrease TGD youth's vulnerability to psychological distress. Further, we review interventions, including gender-affirming medical care, that may improve mental health in TGD youth. We conclude by discussing limitations of current research and suggestions for the future.

中文翻译：

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跨性别者和性别多元化青年的心理健康


跨性别和性别多元化 （TGD） 儿童和青少年是一个越来越明显但被高度污名化的群体。这些青少年不仅比他们的顺性别、异性恋同龄人，而且比他们的顺性别、性少数同龄人经历更多的心理困扰。在这篇综述中，我们记录了这些心理健康差异，并使用少数族裔压力框架讨论了对它们的潜在解释。我们还讨论了可能增加和减少 TGD 青少年对心理困扰的脆弱性的因素。此外，我们回顾了可能改善 TGD 青少年心理健康的干预措施，包括性别肯定的医疗保健。最后，我们讨论了当前研究的局限性和对未来的建议。