Biologically produced hydrogen is a valuable energy carrier generated from renewable sources such as wastewater. This review focuses on modeling a submerged membrane bioreactor, namely the whole-cell biocatalytic membrane reactor (BMR), for simultaneous cell immobilization and gas recovery in fermentative hydrogen production. This technology is presented as an alternative for improved gas separation, and its fundamentals are comprehensively overviewed. We discuss models and modeling strategies that can partially represent the phenomenology involved in the BMR of interest. Empirical or semiempirical models are a well-established tool for fermentative bioreactors. Although these might not be suitable for BMRs due to spatial heterogeneity and process complexity, we compare different kinetic expressions for hydrogen formation, focusing on reaction and mass transfer limiting steps. Moreover, models of BMRs or similar for wastewater treatment are analyzed by classifying the phenomena, variables, and gaps that they have not covered to describe the internal design appropriately.

生物制氢是一种有价值的能源载体，由废水等可再生资源产生。本综述侧重于模拟浸没式膜生物反应器，即全细胞生物催化膜反应器 (BMR)，用于在发酵制氢过程中同时进行细胞固定和气体回收。该技术作为改进气体分离的替代方案提出，并全面概述了其基本原理。我们讨论了可以部分代表感兴趣的 BMR 中涉及的现象学的模型和建模策略。经验或半经验模型是发酵生物反应器的成熟工具。尽管由于空间异质性和过程复杂性，这些可能不适用于 BMR，但我们比较了氢形成的不同动力学表达式，专注于反应和传质限制步骤。此外，通过对未涵盖的现象、变量和差距进行分类以适当描述内部设计，分析了用于废水处理的 BMR 或类似模型。