Heparinoid, a type of compound that has structures similar to heparin, has been found in marine organisms such as shrimp head. This shrimp waste products were used to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the antithrombotic effect of heparinoid. Two heparinoid compounds were obtained from shrimp head, and the main fraction F1 was →4)-GlcA-(1→3)-GalNAc-(1→ with Ara, while the minor fraction F2 composed mainly of the backbone as →4)-β-D-GlcA (or IdoA)-(1→4)-β-D-GlcN (or GlcNAc)-(1→. Both F1 and F2 could extend activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time concentration-dependently, and F2 has stronger activity than F1 at the same concentration. The potential anticoagulant mechanism of F1 and F2 may relate to their combination with more antithrombin III, which binds to and potentiates the action of antithrombin as well as inhibiting coagulation factors Xa and IIa, preventing blood clot formation. Furthermore, heparinoid F1 and F2 were found to have high fibrinolytic capability in vitro and in vivo via activating the self-fibrinolytic system. In conclusion, heparinoids (F1 and F2) derived from shrimp head wastes could be used as candidate compounds to prevent thrombosis while posing a lower hemorrhagic risk.

中文翻译：

---

从虾粪中制备的两种类肝素化合物的抗凝血和纤维蛋白溶解特性。

类肝素是一种结构类似于肝素的化合物，已在虾头等海洋生物中发现。该虾废品用于制备、表征和评价类肝素的抗血栓形成作用。从虾头中得到两种肝素类化合物，主要组分F1为→4)-GlcA-(1→3)-GalNAc-(1→with Ara，次要组分F2主要由骨架组成为→4)- β-D-GlcA(或IdoA)-(1→4)-β-D-GlcN(或GlcNAc)-(1→。F1和F2均可浓度依赖性延长活化部分凝血活酶时间和凝血酶时间，F2具有在相同浓度下活性比F1强。F1和F2潜在的抗凝机制可能与其结合更多的抗凝血酶III有关，它结合并增强抗凝血酶的作用，并抑制凝血因子 Xa 和 IIa，防止血块形成。此外，类肝素 F1 和 F2 通过激活自身纤溶系统被发现在体外和体内具有高纤溶能力。总之，从虾头废物中提取的类肝素（F1 和 F2）可用作预防血栓形成的候选化合物，同时降低出血风险。