A novel green solid additive, 1,8,9-Trihydroxyanthracene (TOHA), is demonstrated to effectively improve both efficiency and stability of a highly efficient organic solar cell (OSC), comprising D18-Cl as polymer donor and N3 as small-molecule acceptor. The D18-Cl:N3 device achieves an elevated power conversion efficiency of 17.91%, compared to 17.15% of that processed without TOHA. The enhanced performance is attributed to the addition of TOHA, leading to more refined phase separation and stronger molecular packing in D18-Cl:N3 blend films, and improves the charge generation, exciton dissociation, charge transport, and collection, which contribute to higher photocurrent and fill factor for D18-Cl:N3 OSCs. Meanwhile, TOHA-treated D18-Cl:N3 induces lower ΔE_loss. Remarkably, it can simultaneously enhance the operational stability, with the TOHA-treated OSC maintaining 68% of the initial efficiency after 1400 h operation. Morphology measurement (atomic force microscopy, 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and time-of-flight–secondary-ion mass spectrometry) also illustrates that TOHA improves the stability of the film with smaller Urban energy value of device after aging. TOHA-treated D18-Cl:N3 cell after aging shows smaller reduction on exciton dissociation, charge transport, charge collection, and nonradiative recombination. This work demonstrates the significance of processing condition-controlled additive pathways for the realization of stability, leading to superior OSC devices.

中文翻译：

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1,8,9-三羟基蒽作为有机太阳能电池运行稳定性的绿色固体添加剂

一种新型绿色固体添加剂 1,8,9-三羟基蒽 (TOHA) 被证明可有效提高高效有机太阳能电池 (OSC) 的效率和稳定性，该电池包含 D18-Cl 作为聚合物供体和 N3 作为小分子受体。D18-Cl:N3 器件实现了 17.91% 的更高功率转换效率，而没有 TOHA 处理的功率转换效率为 17.15%。增强的性能归因于 TOHA 的添加，导致 D18-Cl:N3 混合薄膜中更精细的相分离和更强的分子堆积，并改善电荷产生、激子解离、电荷传输和收集，从而有助于更高的光电流和 D18-Cl:N3 OSC 的填充因子。同时，TOHA 处理的 D18-Cl:N3 诱导较低的 Δ E_损失. 值得注意的是，它可以同时提高运行稳定性，经过 TOHA 处理的 OSC 在运行 1400 小时后仍保持初始效率的 68%。形貌测量（原子力显微镜、2D 掠入射广角 X 射线散射和飞行时间-二次离子质谱）也说明 TOHA 提高了薄膜的稳定性，器件的 Urban 能量值更小。老化。老化后经 TOHA 处理的 D18-Cl:N3 电池显示出激子解离、电荷传输、电荷收集和非辐射复合的较小减少。这项工作证明了加工条件受控添加剂对于实现稳定性途径的重要性，从而导致卓越的 OSC 设备。