A novel green method for the recovery of rare earths (REs), fluorine (F), and lithium (Li) from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag (REMSES) was proposed and demonstrated by mineral phase reconstruction combined with vacuum distillation. Kinetic analysis revealed that the roasting process was controlled by the chemical interface reaction. Under the optimized conditions (roasting temperature of 600 °C, LiOH·H₂O dosage coefficient of 1.1 times, and roasting time of 4 h), NdF₃ and NdOF in the slag were almost completely converted to LiF and Ca₂Nd₈(SiO₄)₆O₂. The removal rate of F and recovery rate of LiF were 99.98 % and 98.96 %, respectively, at 1100 °C and 10 Pa for 1 h, indicating that F could be effectively removed by vacuum distillation. The F and Li were recovered as LiF with a purity of 99.8 wt%, which could then be recycled in the molten salt electrolysis process for the preparation of RE metals. The leaching rate of TREO from distillation residue was 99.27 % using hydrochloric acid. This process not only successfully achieved the green and efficient recovery of REs, Li, and F from REMSES, but also eliminated environmental pollution caused by the release of F.

提出并论证了一种通过矿物相重构结合真空蒸馏从稀土熔盐电解渣 (REMSES) 中回收稀土 (REs)、氟 (F) 和锂 (Li) 的新型绿色方法。动力学分析表明，焙烧过程受化学界面反应控制。在优化条件下（焙烧温度600℃，LiOH·H ₂ O用量系数1.1倍，焙烧时间4 h），渣中的NdF ₃和NdOF几乎全部转化为LiF和Ca ₂ Nd ₈ ( SiO ₄ ) ₆ O ₂. 在 1100 °C 和 10 Pa 下处理 1 h，F 的去除率和 LiF 的回收率分别为 99.98% 和 98.96%，表明 F 可以通过真空蒸馏有效去除。F 和 Li 以纯度为 99.8 wt% 的 LiF 形式回收，然后可以在熔盐电解过程中回收以制备稀土金属。使用盐酸从蒸馏残留物中浸出 TREO 的率为 99.27%。该工艺不仅成功实现了REMSES中REs、Li、F的绿色高效回收，而且消除了F释放造成的环境污染。