广泛用于集约化水产养殖系统的生物絮凝技术可以促进微生物聚集体的形成。在水产养殖水域中大量检测到微塑料 (MP)。本研究探讨了 MPs 对模拟生物絮团水产养殖生产系统中生物絮团形成、微生物群落组成和氮转化功能的影响。研究了生物絮团的形成过程和沉降性能。16S 和 18S rRNA 基因的高通量测序用于研究生物絮团的微生物群落组成。通过宏基因组测序从与氮转化相关的功能基因和微生物监测和进一步解释氮动力学。我们发现形成了由生物絮团和 MP 组成的聚集体，并且具有 MP 的系统具有相对较弱的沉降性能。细菌多样性无显着差异（p > 0.05)，但在没有和有 MPs 的系统之间发现了真核生物多样性的显着差异 ( p < 0.05)。在没有和有 MP 的系统之间观察到原核生物 ( p = 0.01) 和真核生物 ( p = 0.01)微生物群落的显着分离。具有 MP 的系统中亚硝酸盐氮 (NO 2 − -N)的峰值浓度低于没有 MP 的系统（p Control/MPs Low = 0.02 和p Control/MPs High = 0.03），这可能是由于低丰度hao和附属的 Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_HGW-Alphaproteobacteria-1和Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium ，但与硝化作用相关的nxrA和附属的Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_SYSU_XM001和Hydrogenophaga_pseudoflava的高丰度。含有 MP 的系统中的低浓度 NO 2 - -N 表明 MP 的存在可能会抑制氨氧化，但会通过改变微生物群落结构和功能来促进亚硝酸盐氧化。这些结果表明，由生物絮团和 MPs 组成的聚集体可以在水产养殖水中形成，从而通过影响微生物群落组成来抑制它们的沉降并改变氮转化功能。
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Microplastics inhibit biofloc formation and alter microbial community composition and nitrogen transformation function in aquaculture
Biofloc technology, extensively used in intensive aquaculture systems, can prompt the formation of microbial aggregates. Microplastics (MPs) are detected abundantly in aquaculture waters. This study explored the effects of MPs on biofloc formation, microbial community composition and nitrogen transformation function in simulated biofloc aquaculture production systems. The formation process and settling performance of bioflocs were examined. High-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes was used to investigate the microbial community compositions of bioflocs. Nitrogen dynamics were monitored and further explained from functional genes and microorganisms related to nitrogen transformation by metagenome sequencing. We found that the aggregates consisting of bioflocs and MPs were formed and the systems with MPs had relatively weak settling performance. No significant differences in bacterial diversity (p > 0.05) but significant differences in eukaryotic diversity (p < 0.05) were found between systems without and with MPs. Significant separations in the microbial communities of prokaryotes (p = 0.01) and eukaryotes (p = 0.01) between systems without and with MPs were observed. The peak concentration of nitrite nitrogen (NO2−-N) in systems with MPs was lower than that in systems without MPs (p Control/MPs Low = 0.02 and p Control/MPs High = 0.03), probably due to the low abundance of hao and affiliated Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_HGW-Alphaproteobacteria-1 and Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium, but the high abundance of nxrA and affiliated Alphaproteobacteria_bacterium_SYSU_XM001 and Hydrogenophaga_pseudoflava that related to nitrification. The low concentration of NO2−-N in systems with MPs suggested that the presence of MPs might inhibit ammonia oxidation but promote nitrite oxidation by altering the microbial community structure and function. These results indicated that aggregates consisting of bioflocs and MPs could be formed in aquaculture water, and thus, inhibiting their settlement and altering nitrogen transformation function by affecting the microbial community composition.
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