Food packaging is one of the leading sectors for the end use of plastics. Bioplastic is produced from natural renewable resources such as crops, wood pulp, and herbaceous fibers. This article summarizes the rational design of bioplastics from natural resources for food packaging. The bioplastic properties considered include thermal properties, mechanical performance, oxygen/moisture resistance, and biodegradability. Bioplastic degradability and technologies for handling bioplastic waste are discussed. Various aspects of the sustainability of bioplastics (e.g., environmental profile, techno-economic analysis, and societal impact) are investigated. The main challenges of bioplastic application, such as low fracture strain and inferior barrier properties, are discussed. Mitigation approaches to overcome the mechanical properties of bioplastics, such as adding plasticizers, are also discussed. Bioplastic can have properties comparable with fossil-based plastics. Bioplastic can be an alternative to conventional plastic in most applications of food packaging, which can reduce the carbon footprint and environmental impact because of its biodegradability.

食品包装是塑料最终用途的主要行业之一。生物塑料由农作物、木浆和草本纤维等天然可再生资源生产。本文总结了用于食品包装的自然资源生物塑料的合理设计。考虑的生物塑料性能包括热性能、机械性能、耐氧/耐湿性和生物降解性。讨论了生物塑料的可降解性和处理生物塑料废物的技术。研究了生物塑料可持续性的各个方面（例如，环境概况、技术经济分析和社会影响）。讨论了生物塑料应用的主要挑战，例如低断裂应变和较差的阻隔性能。克服生物塑料机械性能的缓解方法，如添加增塑剂，也进行了讨论。生物塑料的性能可与化石基塑料相媲美。在食品包装的大多数应用中，生物塑料可以替代传统塑料，由于其可生物降解性，可以减少碳足迹和环境影响。