Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are promising energy storage devices owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, energy density improvement and lifespan prolongation of AZBs are impeded by the poor reversibility of Zn anodes. Instead of focusing on restraining the water activity that has been widely discussed, this work reports a unique strategy to eliminate the side reactions, which is the simultaneous regulation of cation and anion fluxes by microporous material. The as-synthesized protective layer possesses an excellent sieving ability to repel sulfate infiltration by channel effect and via the electric field, and homogenizes Zn ion flux to achieve a dendrite-free morphology, which is confirmed by the electrochemical and theoretical investigations. The protected anode exhibits a long lifespan (2400 h), deep Zn plating/stripping, and high current tolerance (100 mA cm⁻²). As a result, the full battery achieves a capacity retention of 76.4% after 7500 cycles, and in the anode-free configuration, a high energy density of 192.8 Wh kg⁻¹ is observed, which is more than 50 times that of a full battery with a Zn foil anode. By regulating the cations and anions simultaneously, the proposed strategy provides a low-cost remedy to achieve the practical scale-up of AZBs.

中文翻译：

---

通过阳离子/阴离子调节稳定锌金属阳极以实现高能量密度锌离子电池

水系锌电池（AZB）由于其高安全性、低成本和环境友好性而成为很有前途的储能装置。然而，AZBs 的能量密度提高和寿命延长受到 Zn 阳极不良可逆性的阻碍。这项工作没有将重点放在抑制已被广泛讨论的水活度上，而是报告了一种消除副反应的独特策略，即通过微孔材料同时调节阳离子和阴离子通量。合成后的保护层具有出色的筛分能力，可通过通道效应和电场排斥硫酸盐渗透，并使 Zn 离子流均匀化以实现无枝晶形态，这已通过电化学和理论研究得到证实。受保护的阳极具有较长的使用寿命（2400 小时），^-2）。结果，全电池在 7500 次循环后实现了 76.4% 的容量保持率，并且在无阳极配置中，观察到 192.8 Wh kg ⁻¹的高能量密度，这是全电池的 50 多倍带锌箔阳极。通过同时调节阳离子和阴离子，所提出的策略提供了一种低成本的补救措施来实现 AZB 的实际放大。