Muscadine, Resveratrol (RSV) Synthesis, and the Nutritional Benefits to Humans and Plants,ACS Food Science & Technology

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Muscadine, Resveratrol (RSV) Synthesis, and the Nutritional Benefits to Humans and Plants
ACS Food Science & Technology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.2c00176
Jeffery A. Stewart ₁ , Karolina M. Pajerowska-Mukhtar ₂ , Arlene Bulger ₃ , Devaiah Kambiranda ₄ , Leopold Nyochembeng ₁ , Srinivasa R. Mentreddy ₁

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Vitis rotundifolia, commonly known as the muscadine, is a native grape of the southeastern United States. Muscadine is highly pest resistant and drought tolerant. These properties have been attributed to the much more robust production of a phytoalexin called resveratrol (RSV)─a secondary metabolite known for its cellularly protective properties. Primarily, RSV functions as a scavenger of free radicals but is also known to be a stimulator in the synthesis of other antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH). RSV synthesis is known to be modulated by the actions of stilbene synthase (STS) with a host of STS genes being identified as possible regulators of its production. In plants, RSV boosts immune responses to stress, growth, injury, and disease. Similarly, in humans, RSV exerts both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. It is known to protect cells in metabolic disease states such as diabetes and is shown to inhibit neural degradation in Alzheimer’s disease. Since muscadine grapevines cannot naturally hybridize with common wine grapes of Vitis vinifera, the RSV benefits cannot be readily introgressed into the existing cultivars. Thus, muscadine is a promising target for molecular breeding to increase the synthesis of RSV in plants with the ultimate goal of improving human health. This paper explores the biology of muscadine grapes, provides a broad background on the biochemistry and regulation of RSV synthesis, and highlights the STS genes in muscadine as a promising genetic tool to manipulate RSV production in plants.

中文翻译：

圆叶葡萄、白藜芦醇 (RSV) 的合成以及对人类和植物的营养益处

圆叶葡萄（ Vitis rotundifolia），俗称圆叶葡萄，是美国东南部的一种原生葡萄。圆叶葡萄具有高度抗虫性和耐旱性。这些特性归因于一种叫做白藜芦醇 (RSV) 的植物抗毒素的更强劲生产——一种以其细胞保护特性而闻名的次级代谢产物。RSV 主要作为自由基清除剂发挥作用，但也已知是其他抗氧化剂如谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 合成的刺激剂。已知 RSV 合成受二苯乙烯合酶 ( STS ) 与大量STS的作用调节基因被确定为其生产的可能调节因子。在植物中，RSV 可增强对压力、生长、损伤和疾病的免疫反应。同样，在人类中，RSV 具有抗菌和抗炎活性。众所周知，它可以保护处于代谢疾病状态（例如糖尿病）中的细胞，并显示可以抑制阿尔茨海默氏病中的神经退化。由于 muscadine 葡萄不能与Vitis vinifera的普通酿酒葡萄自然杂交, RSV 的好处不能很容易地渗入到现有的品种中。因此，圆叶葡萄是分子育种的一个有前途的目标，以增加植物中 RSV 的合成，最终目标是改善人类健康。本文探讨了圆叶葡萄的生物学，提供了 RSV 合成的生物化学和调控的广泛背景，并强调了圆叶葡萄中的STS基因作为一种有前途的遗传工具来控制植物中 RSV 的产生。

更新日期：2023-01-04

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