With the continuous appearance and expansion of high-strength hydrogels in emerging fields such as industry, medicine, and green development, the synthesis and application of high-strength hydrogels have developed dramatically and achieved remarkable results from the aspects of raw materials, preparation methods, and reinforcement mechanisms. However, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on high-strength hydrogels. Herein, we first discuss the advantages of natural and synthetic materials, and the characteristics of high-strength hydrogels prepared from different raw materials; we then expound on the influence mechanism of physical interactions or chemical bonds on the strength of the hydrogel from three aspects: physical cross-linking, chemical cross-linking, and dynamic chemical cross-linking; at last, we systematically expound the strengthening strategies, including double network/multi-network, nanocomposite, topology, supramolecular polymerization, and characteristics and strengthening mechanisms of such high-strength hydrogels. In addition, based on the development status of high-strength hydrogels, we combined the application requirements and the existing drawbacks of high-strength hydrogels to propose their possible development directions in the future.

随着高强水凝胶在工业、医药、绿色发展等新兴领域的不断出现和拓展，高强水凝胶的合成与应用得到了长足的发展，从原料、制备方法、和强化机制。然而，目前仍缺乏对高强度水凝胶的系统评价。在此，我们首先讨论了天然材料和合成材料的优点，以及不同原料制备的高强度水凝胶的特点；然后我们从物理交联、化学交联和动态化学交联三个方面阐述了物理相互作用或化学键对水凝胶强度的影响机制；终于，我们系统地阐述了增强策略，包括双网络/多网络、纳米复合、拓扑结构、超分子聚合，以及此类高强度水凝胶的特性和增强机制。此外，基于高强水凝胶的发展现状，我们结合高强水凝胶的应用需求和存在的不足，提出了其未来可能的发展方向。