Two-dimensional metal carbide or nitride materials (MXenes) are widely used in electromagnetic wave absorption because of their unique structure. Herein, a novel composite preparation strategy has been proposed to design dendritic nanofibers based on the electrostatic spinning methods. The multifunctional MXene nanosheets are used as the dendritic matrix, and magnetic nanoparticles are embedded in the nanosheets as magnetic loss units. Multidimensional nanocomposites have interlaced carbon fiber networks, large-scale magnetically coupled networks, and a lot of multi-heterojunction interface structures, which endow the composites with extraordinary conduction loss, magnetic loss, and polarization loss capabilities, respectively. The impedance matching and loss mechanisms of the composites are improved by optimizing the synergistic relationship between the components and building a suitable structure. The optimum reflection loss (RL) of −54.1 dB is achieved at 2.7 mm and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL below −10 dB) of 7.76 GHz is obtained at a small thickness of 2.1 mm for the nanocomposites. The distinctive microstructures of the nanofibrous membranes give rise to their flexibility, waterproof, and electromagnetic wave absorption performance and endow the nanofibrous membranes potential to be utilized as lightweight, efficient electromagnetic wave protective fabric in harsh environment.

二维金属碳化物或氮化物材料（MXenes）因其独特的结构被广泛应用于电磁波吸收。在此，提出了一种基于静电纺丝方法设计树枝状纳米纤维的新型复合材料制备策略。多功能 MXene 纳米片用作树枝状基质，磁性纳米粒子嵌入纳米片中作为磁损耗单元。多维纳米复合材料具有交错的碳纤维网络、大规模的磁耦合网络和大量的多异质结界面结构，分别赋予复合材料非凡的传导损耗、磁损耗和极化损耗能力。通过优化组件之间的协同关系和构建合适的结构，改善了复合材料的阻抗匹配和损耗机制。纳米复合材料在 2.7 mm 处实现了 −54.1 dB 的最佳反射损耗 (RL)，并且在 2.1 mm 的小厚度下获得了 7.76 GHz 的宽有效吸收带宽（EAB，RL 低于 −10 dB）。纳米纤维膜独特的微观结构赋予其柔韧性、防水性和电磁波吸收性能，赋予纳米纤维膜在恶劣环境下作为轻质、高效电磁波防护织物的潜力。对于纳米复合材料，在 2.1 mm 的小厚度下获得 7.76 GHz 以下的 RL（-10 dB）。纳米纤维膜独特的微观结构赋予其柔韧性、防水性和电磁波吸收性能，赋予纳米纤维膜作为轻质、高效的恶劣环境电磁波防护织物的潜力。对于纳米复合材料，在 2.1 mm 的小厚度下获得 7.76 GHz 以下的 RL（-10 dB）。纳米纤维膜独特的微观结构赋予其柔韧性、防水性和电磁波吸收性能，赋予纳米纤维膜在恶劣环境下作为轻质、高效电磁波防护织物的潜力。