不同水源中各种微污染物的存在已成为一个主要问题,因为它们对人类和环境都有重大影响。这篇综述重点介绍了全球范围内存在的不同类型的微污染物,以及用于减少和可能消除它们的方法。这些方法包括膜、吸附和光催化。虽然膜过滤非常有效,但一个膜只能消除少量微污染物,而且其部署成本仍然很高。另一方面,吸附是一种非常有效且具有成本效益的方法,但吸附剂的生产非常耗能。最后,光催化方法被认为是最有前途的,因为它避免了与上述方法相关的问题。具体来说,光催化剂利用直射阳光来降解微污染物。讨论了几种类型的光催化剂,包括生物炭、Mxenes、纳米级零价铁和 MOF。与前面提到的前四种类型不同,MOF 可以与不同的材料结合,以增强复合材料的整体性能及其降解微污染物的效率。本文讨论的 MOF 催化剂包括仿生 MOF、酶 MOF 和类芬顿 MOF。获得的系统称为 MOF 复合基催化剂。MOF 可以通过将合适的有机连接体与金属簇结合来合成,金属簇可为材料提供光降解所需的特性。回顾和讨论了几种金属有机骨架催化剂复合材料的合成方法。方法的选择取决于与感兴趣的应用相关的要求。迄今为止,已经对金属有机骨架复合材料的性能分析进行了广泛的研究,以研究其去除微污染物的效率。几项研究证明了其强大的去除能力,可达 99%。最后,从 MOF 复合催化剂的工业适用性角度讨论了成本、健康和环境因素。这篇综合综述介绍了当前的技术水平,并提出了有前途的研究方向,以实施和推进基于 MOF 复合材料的微污染物降解催化剂。对金属有机骨架复合材料的性能分析进行了广泛的研究,以研究其去除微污染物的效率。几项研究证明了其强大的去除能力,可达 99%。最后,从 MOF 复合催化剂的工业适用性角度讨论了成本、健康和环境因素。这篇综合综述介绍了当前的技术水平,并提出了有前途的研究方向,以实施和推进基于 MOF 复合材料的微污染物降解催化剂。对金属有机骨架复合材料的性能分析进行了广泛的研究,以研究其去除微污染物的效率。几项研究证明了其强大的去除能力,可达 99%。最后,从 MOF 复合催化剂的工业适用性角度讨论了成本、健康和环境因素。这篇综合综述介绍了当前的技术水平,并提出了有前途的研究方向,以实施和推进基于 MOF 复合材料的微污染物降解催化剂。从基于 MOF 复合材料的催化剂的工业适用性的角度讨论了健康和环境因素。这篇综合综述介绍了当前的技术水平,并提出了有前途的研究方向,以实施和推进基于 MOF 复合材料的微污染物降解催化剂。从基于 MOF 复合材料的催化剂的工业适用性的角度讨论了健康和环境因素。这篇综合综述介绍了当前的技术水平,并提出了有前途的研究方向,以实施和推进基于 MOF 复合材料的微污染物降解催化剂。
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Degradation of micropollutants by metal organic framework composite-based catalysts: A review
The presence of various micropollutants in different water sources has become a major problem due to their significant impact on both humans and the environment. This review highlights the different types of micropollutants present at the global scale and the methods applied to reduce and possibly eliminate them. These methods include membranes, adsorption and photocatalysis. While membrane filtration is extremely effective, one membrane can eliminate only a few micropollutants and its deployment remains expensive. On the other hand, adsorption constitutes a very efficient and cost-effective method, but the production of adsorbents is extremely energy intensive. Lastly, the photocatalysis method is considered to be the most promising as it avoids the problems associated with the aforementioned methods. Specifically, photocatalysts make use of direct sunlight in order to degrade micropollutants. Several types of photocatalysts, including biochar, Mxenes, nanoscaled zero valent iron, and MOFs, are discussed. Unlike the first four aforementioned types, MOFs can be combined with different materials to enhance the overall property of the composite and its efficiency in the degradation of micropollutants. The MOF-catalysts discussed in this paper include biomimetic MOFs, enzyme MOFs, and Fenton-like MOFs. The obtained system is referred to as MOF-composite-based catalysts. MOFs can be synthesized by combining an appropriate organic linker with a metallic cluster that would provide the material with the required properties for photodegradation. Several metal–organic framework catalyst composites synthesis approaches are reviewed and discussed. The selection of the approach depends on the requirements associated with the application of interest. To date, extensive research has been conducted on the performance analysis of metal–organic framework composites to investigate their efficiency in the removal of micropollutants. Several studies demonstrated their great removal capability which may reach up to 99 %. Finally, cost, health and environmental considerations are discussed with the view of the industrial applicability of MOF-composite-based catalysts. This comprehensive review presents the current state of the art and proposed promising research directions for the implementation and advancement of MOF-composite-based catalysts for micropollutants degradation.