It is well established that bile acids play important roles in lipid metabolism. In recent decades, bile acids have also been shown to function as signaling molecules via interacting with various receptors. Bile acids circulate continuously through the enterohepatic circulation and go through microbial transformation by gut microbes, and thus bile acids metabolism has profound effects on the liver and intestinal tissues as well as the gut microbiota. Farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 are two pivotal bile acid receptors that highly expressed in the intestinal tissues, and they have emerged as pivotal regulators in bile acids metabolism, innate immunity and inflammatory responses. There is considerable interest in manipulating the metabolism of bile acids and the expression of bile acid receptors as this may be a promising strategy to regulate intestinal health and disease. This review aims to summarize the roles of bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases.

众所周知，胆汁酸在脂质代谢中起着重要作用。近几十年来，胆汁酸也被证明可以通过与各种受体相互作用来发挥信号分子的作用。胆汁酸通过肠肝循环不断循环，并通过肠道微生物进行微生物转化，因此胆汁酸代谢对肝脏和肠道组织以及肠道微生物群具有深远的影响。法尼醇 X 受体和 G 蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体 1 是两种在肠道组织中高表达的关键胆汁酸受体，它们已成为胆汁酸代谢、先天免疫和炎症反应的关键调节剂。人们对操纵胆汁酸的代谢和胆汁酸受体的表达非常感兴趣，因为这可能是调节肠道健康和疾病的一种有前途的策略。本综述旨在总结胆汁酸及其受体在调节肠道健康和疾病中的作用。