ABSTRACT

Youth can often be the subject of rude and discourteous behaviors in their sport setting, given their susceptibility to the social environments. Incivility refers to insensitive behavior that exhibits a lack of respect for others, namely, disrespectful and rude behaviors. Incivility is a significant issue in youth sport since it negatively influences teams and individuals. The present study aims to investigate 1) how incivility and psychological safety are associated with each other over time and 2) the influence of the initial value of psychological safety and the change in psychological safety on youth athletes’ well-being and social outcomes. Three-wave time-lagged data collection was employed, and the present study included 283 youth athletes who completed the survey three times. The hypotheses were tested in SEM with cross-lagged panel and growth latent curve modeling. The results showed that coach and teammate incivility were significantly associated with the change in psychological safety. In contrast, the initial value of psychological safety was a significant antecedent of the subsequent coach and teammate incivility, well-being, and social outcomes. Lastly, the change in psychological safety was significantly associated with youth athletes’ well-being and social outcomes. The findings suggest that incivility and psychological safety were reciprocally associated, and psychological safety rather than incivility was a significant predictor of youths’ well-being and social outcomes. The present study found a mechanism underlying the relationship between incivility, psychological safety, and essential outcomes (i.e., well-being and social outcomes) in youth sport.

摘要

鉴于青少年对社会环境的敏感性，他们在运动环境中往往会成为粗鲁和无礼行为的对象。不礼貌是指表现出对他人缺乏尊重的麻木不仁的行为，即不尊重和粗鲁的行为。无礼行为是青少年体育运动中的一个重要问题，因为它会对团队和个人产生负面影响。本研究旨在调查 1) 不文明行为与心理安全如何随着时间相互关联，以及 2) 心理安全初始值和心理安全变化对青年运动员的幸福感和社会结果的影响。采用三波时滞数据采集方式，本研究包括283名完成三次调查的青少年运动员。这些假设在 SEM 中通过交叉滞后面板和增长潜伏曲线建模进行了测试。结果表明，教练和队友的不文明行为与心理安全感的变化显着相关。相比之下，心理安全的初始值是随后教练和队友不文明行为、幸福感和社会后果的重要前因。最后，心理安全感的变化与青年运动员的幸福感和社会成果显着相关。研究结果表明，不文明行为和心理安全感相互关联，心理安全感而非不文明行为是青少年幸福感和社会成果的重要预测指标。本研究发现了不文明行为、心理安全和基本结果（即，