无花果 ( Ficus caricaL.) 树在世界范围内种植,因其果实而受到高度赞赏,果实可新鲜或晒干食用,具有很高的营养和药用价值,因此人们对其种植的兴趣越来越大。在本研究中,建立了一个包含 60 个无花果种质(41 个希腊土著和 19 个来自其他地中海国家)的异地收集,并使用八个简单序列重复 (SSR) 基因座分析其多样性。希腊无花果基因型显示出相对较低的等位基因变异(每个基因座的平均 SSR 等位基因数为 3.75)、过多的杂合性(平均 He = 0.489 和 Ho = 0.557)和广泛的异系繁殖(平均 F 指数 - 0.151)。聚类分析表明,建立的无花果群体表现出弱遗传结构,大多数遗传变异 (89%) 存在于集群的个体成员中。聚类分析和主坐标分析均证实,无花果种质的遗传构成与地理起源之间几乎没有相关性。平均为 0.421 的多态性信息含量具有合理的信息量。开发了无花果品种鉴别关键方案,可用于品种鉴别和知识产权保护。这项工作将通过建立和保存参考无花果收藏,为未来的育种工作提供种质资源,为区域和世界范围内的可持续无花果生产做出贡献。聚类分析和主坐标分析均证实,无花果种质的遗传构成与地理起源之间几乎没有相关性。平均为 0.421 的多态性信息含量具有合理的信息量。开发了无花果品种鉴别关键方案,可用于品种鉴别和知识产权保护。这项工作将通过建立和保存参考无花果收藏,为未来的育种工作提供种质资源,为区域和世界范围内的可持续无花果生产做出贡献。聚类分析和主坐标分析均证实,无花果种质的遗传构成与地理起源之间几乎没有相关性。平均为 0.421 的多态性信息含量具有合理的信息量。开发了无花果品种鉴别关键方案,可用于品种鉴别和知识产权保护。这项工作将通过建立和保存参考无花果收藏,为未来的育种工作提供种质资源,为区域和世界范围内的可持续无花果生产做出贡献。
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Genetic diversity of fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm from the Mediterranean basin as revealed by SSR markers
Fig (Ficus carica L.) tree is cultivated worldwide and is highly appreciated for its fruit, which is consumed fresh or dried, having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value and for these reasons there is an increasing interest for its cultivation. In the present study, an ex situ collection of 60 fig accessions (41 indigenous Greek and 19 from other Mediterranean countries) was established and its diversity was analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Greek fig genotypes showed relatively low allelic variation (the average number of SSR alleles per locus was 3.75), an excess of heterozygosity (mean He = 0.489 and Ho = 0.557), and extensive outbreeding (mean F index − 0.151). Cluster analysis showed that the established fig population exhibited weak genetic structure, with most of the genetic variation (89%) being present within individual members of the clusters. Both cluster and principal coordinate analysis confirmed that there is little correlation between genetic makeup and geographical origin of the fig accessions. Polymorphism information content with an average of 0.421 was reasonably informative. An identification key scheme for fig cultivars that will be useful in cultivar discrimination and intellectual property protection was developed. This work will contribute to a sustainable fig production regionally and worldwide, through the establishment and conservation of a reference fig collection, providing germplasm for future breeding efforts.