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The evolution, form and function of the human respiratory system.
Journal of Anthropological Sciences ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-30 , DOI: 10.4436/jass.10014
Markus Bastir 1 , Daniel Sanz-Prieto 2 , José María López-Rey 3 , Carlos A Palancar 3 , Marta Gómez-Recio 3 , Miguel López-Cano 3 , José María González-Ruíz 3 , Alejandro Pérez-Ramos 4 , Manuel A Burgos 5 , Benoit Beyer 6 , Daniel García-Martínez 7
Affiliation  

This paper presents an updated view on the morphological and functional significance of the human respiratory system in the context of human evolutionary anatomy. While usually the respiratory system is treated either from a craniofacial perspective, mostly in the context of nasal evolution and air-conditioning, or from a postcranial perspective featuring on overall thoracic shape changes, here we pursue a holistic perspective on the form, function, integration, and evolutionary change of the entire organismal system in hominins. We first present a brief review of the most important morphological structures, their function, and its potential integration and interaction with the nasal cavity and thoracic skeleton. This is followed by an overview of the most important improvements in methods for the comparative study in recent humans and fossil hominins. We then overview and list a compendium of hominin fossil material currently available for the study. We propose four functional categories of hominin respiratory system configurations that differ potentially with respect to size, shape, biomechanics and/or bioenergetics. Finally, we discuss these and speculate on possible ways for future research into an anatomical system that, despite its under-investigated status, is central to the understanding of the form and functions of the hominin organism and its paleobiology.

中文翻译:

人类呼吸系统的进化、形式和功能。

本文提出了人类呼吸系统在人类进化解剖学背景下的形态学和功能意义的最新观点。虽然通常呼吸系统是从颅面的角度来治疗的,主要是在鼻进化和空调的背景下,或者是从颅后的角度来研究整体胸廓形状的变化,但在这里我们追求的是形式、功能、整合的整体观点,以及人科动物整个有机体系统的进化变化。我们首先简要回顾最重要的形态结构、它们的功能及其与鼻腔和胸廓骨骼的潜在整合和相互作用。随后概述了对近代人类和化石古人类进行比较研究的最重要方法改进。然后,我们概述并列出了当前可用于该研究的人类化石材料纲要。我们提出了四种功能类别的人类呼吸系统配置,它们在大小、形状、生物力学和/或生物能量学方面可能存在差异。最后,我们讨论了这些,并推测了未来研究解剖系统的可能方法,尽管其研究不足,但对于理解人类有机体及其古生物学的形式和功能至关重要。我们提出了四种功能类别的人类呼吸系统配置,它们在大小、形状、生物力学和/或生物能量学方面可能存在差异。最后,我们讨论了这些,并推测了未来研究解剖系统的可能方法,尽管其研究不足,但对于理解人类有机体及其古生物学的形式和功能至关重要。我们提出了四种功能类别的人类呼吸系统配置,它们在大小、形状、生物力学和/或生物能量学方面可能存在差异。最后,我们讨论了这些,并推测了未来研究解剖系统的可能方法,尽管其研究不足,但对于理解人类有机体及其古生物学的形式和功能至关重要。
更新日期:2022-12-23
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