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Preliminary investigation on effects of size, polymer type, and surface behaviour on the vertical mobility of microplastics in a porous media
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161148 Ved Prakash Ranjan 1 , Anuja Joseph 2 , Hari Bhakta Sharma 3 , Sudha Goel 1
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-12-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161148 Ved Prakash Ranjan 1 , Anuja Joseph 2 , Hari Bhakta Sharma 3 , Sudha Goel 1
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Due to the ubiquitous nature of microplastic (MP), knowledge of its fate and migration in subsurface environments like soil becomes extremely important to understand underlying ecological risk. The fate and migration of MP in subterranean settings like sand are governed by the retention/transport properties influenced by the interaction of sand and MPs. In this study, sand column experiments under simulated rainfall conditions were conducted for 180 days to assess the vertical migration of mixed MPs consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Sand column experiments were subjected to 60 wet-dry cycles over 180 days. The effects of polymer type, microplastic size, sand particle size, and surface roughness on the migration of MPs were evaluated. Results showed that the smallest-sized fragmented PE particles had the highest migration potential compared to PET and PE. The ratios of the diameters of MP particles and sand particles (d/d) played a significant role in determining the penetration depth of the various sizes of MPs. The MP particles with d/d 0.11 showed greater penetration depth in sand media and were detected in the column effluent water after 60 days of a column run. In addition, surface roughness, low ionic strength water, irregularly shaped particles, and wet and dry cycles contributed to the migration of MPs in the sand column. Three new absorbance peaks corresponding to the hydroxyl, CO stretch, and carbonyl groups evolved in the extracted PE MPs sample from different depths, as shown by FTIR analysis, suggesting that PE MPs had been oxidised. XPS analysis revealed changes in the surface properties of the MPs, indicating that oxidation occurred at the top layer, causing structural deterioration of the PE MPs. However, oxidation of the surface bonds was restricted in the layers underneath due to a lack of oxygen. The finding of the study suggests that in a natural environment, such accumulation and migration of MPs in sandy soil can increase the possibilities to the underlying groundwater contamination.
中文翻译：
尺寸、聚合物类型和表面行为对多孔介质中微塑料垂直迁移率影响的初步研究
由于微塑料 (MP) 无处不在，了解其在土壤等地下环境中的命运和迁移对于了解潜在的生态风险变得极其重要。 MP 在沙子等地下环境中的命运和迁移受到沙子和 MP 相互作用影响的保留/运输特性的控制。在这项研究中，在模拟降雨条件下进行了180天的沙柱实验，以评估由聚丙烯（PP）、聚乙烯（PE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）组成的混合MP的垂直迁移。沙柱实验在 180 天内进行了 60 次干湿循环。评估了聚合物类型、微塑料尺寸、砂粒尺寸和表面粗糙度对 MP 迁移的影响。结果表明，与 PET 和 PE 相比，最小尺寸的 PE 碎片颗粒具有最高的迁移潜力。 MP 颗粒与砂粒的直径比 (d/d) 在确定不同尺寸 MP 的穿透深度方面发挥着重要作用。 d/d 0.11 的 MP 颗粒在砂介质中表现出更大的渗透深度，并且在柱运行 60 天后在柱流出水中检测到。此外，表面粗糙度、低离子强度水、不规则形状的颗粒以及干湿循环也促进了MP在砂柱中的迁移。 FTIR 分析显示，从不同深度提取的 PE MP 样品中出现了对应于羟基、CO 拉伸和羰基的三个新吸收峰，表明 PE MP 已被氧化。 XPS 分析显示 MP 的表面性质发生变化，表明顶层发生了氧化，导致 PE MP 的结构恶化。然而，由于缺乏氧气，表面键的氧化仅限于下面的层。研究结果表明，在自然环境中，沙土中MP的积累和迁移会增加潜在地下水污染的可能性。
更新日期：2022-12-23
中文翻译：
尺寸、聚合物类型和表面行为对多孔介质中微塑料垂直迁移率影响的初步研究
由于微塑料 (MP) 无处不在，了解其在土壤等地下环境中的命运和迁移对于了解潜在的生态风险变得极其重要。 MP 在沙子等地下环境中的命运和迁移受到沙子和 MP 相互作用影响的保留/运输特性的控制。在这项研究中，在模拟降雨条件下进行了180天的沙柱实验，以评估由聚丙烯（PP）、聚乙烯（PE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）组成的混合MP的垂直迁移。沙柱实验在 180 天内进行了 60 次干湿循环。评估了聚合物类型、微塑料尺寸、砂粒尺寸和表面粗糙度对 MP 迁移的影响。结果表明，与 PET 和 PE 相比，最小尺寸的 PE 碎片颗粒具有最高的迁移潜力。 MP 颗粒与砂粒的直径比 (d/d) 在确定不同尺寸 MP 的穿透深度方面发挥着重要作用。 d/d 0.11 的 MP 颗粒在砂介质中表现出更大的渗透深度，并且在柱运行 60 天后在柱流出水中检测到。此外，表面粗糙度、低离子强度水、不规则形状的颗粒以及干湿循环也促进了MP在砂柱中的迁移。 FTIR 分析显示，从不同深度提取的 PE MP 样品中出现了对应于羟基、CO 拉伸和羰基的三个新吸收峰，表明 PE MP 已被氧化。 XPS 分析显示 MP 的表面性质发生变化，表明顶层发生了氧化，导致 PE MP 的结构恶化。然而，由于缺乏氧气，表面键的氧化仅限于下面的层。研究结果表明，在自然环境中，沙土中MP的积累和迁移会增加潜在地下水污染的可能性。
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