Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) are fundamentally based on the interaction of photons with free electrons, where energy and momentum conservation are satisfied by mediation of a nanostructure. In this scheme, the photonic nanostructure induces near-fields which transfer energy from the photon to the electron, similar to the inverse-Smith–Purcell effect described in metallic gratings. This, in turn, may provide ground-breaking applications, as it is a technology promising to miniaturize particle accelerators down to the chip scale. This fundamental interaction can also be used to study and demonstrate quantum photon-electron phenomena. The spontaneous and stimulated Smith–Purcell effect and the photon-induced near-field electron-microscopy (PINEM) effect have evolved to be a fruitful ground for observing quantum effects. In particular, the energy spectrum of the free electron has been shown to have discrete energy peaks, spaced with the interacting photon energy. This energy spectrum is correlated to the photon statistics and number of photon exchanges that took place during the interaction. We give an overview of DLA and PINEM physics with a focus on electron phase-space manipulation.

中文翻译：

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微型光驱动纳米光子电子加速与控制

介电激光加速器 (DLA) 基本上基于光子与自由电子的相互作用，其中能量和动量守恒通过纳米结构的调节得到满足。在该方案中，光子纳米结构诱导近场，将能量从光子转移到电子，类似于金属光栅中描述的逆史密斯-珀塞尔效应。反过来，这可能会提供突破性的应用，因为它是一项有望将粒子加速器小型化至芯片级的技术。这种基本相互作用也可用于研究和演示量子光子-电子现象。自发和受激的 Smith-Purcell 效应和光子诱导的近场电子显微镜 (PINEM) 效应已经发展成为观察量子效应的富有成果的基础。特别是，自由电子的能谱已被证明具有离散的能量峰，与相互作用的光子能量间隔开。该能谱与光子统计数据和相互作用期间发生的光子交换次数相关。我们概述了 DLA 和 PINEM 物理学，重点是电子相空间操纵。