Mitigating climate change requires a global transition from fossil fuels to a “green economy” driven by renewable energies. This shift has fostered massive investments in mining resources, notably lithium in South America, needed to store renewable energies. These mining ventures often produce harmful externalities where lithium is located. In Argentina, a major producer, striking variation has occurred in the fortunes of lithium-mining projects. In some instances, mining companies offered concessions that mitigated environmental damage and improved local socioeconomic conditions. In others, companies made minimal concessions, and in a third set they halted projects in response to local resistance. Why do mining ventures result alternatively in negotiated, unnegotiated, or aborted extraction? The article proposes a new typology of modes of extraction together with a multilevel explanatory framework that centers on the strengths and strategies of transnational mining companies, subnational governments, and local communities in setting the terms for extracting lithium.

减缓气候变化需要全球从化石燃料过渡到由可再生能源驱动的“绿色经济”。这种转变促进了对储存可再生能源所需的矿产资源的大规模投资，尤其是南美洲的锂。这些采矿企业通常会在锂所在的地方产生有害的外部效应。在主要生产国阿根廷，锂矿项目的命运发生了惊人的变化。在某些情况下，矿业公司提供了减轻环境破坏和改善当地社会经济条件的让步。在其他情况下，公司做出的让步最少，在第三组中，他们停止了项目以应对当地的抵制。为什么采矿企业会交替导致谈判、未谈判、或中止提取？本文提出了一种新的提取模式类型学以及一个多层次的解释框架，该框架以跨国矿业公司、地方政府和地方社区在制定锂提取条款方面的优势和战略为中心。