Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sciadonic acid (SA) on disorders of glucolipid metabolism and intestinal flora imbalance and to further investigate its potential molecular mechanism of anti-diabetes. The experimental data indicated that SA could alleviate hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, repair liver function damage, and promote glycogen synthesis caused by T2DM. SA could also activate the PI3K/AKT/GLUT-2 signaling pathway, promote glucose metabolism gene expression, and maintain glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA analysis revealed that SA could reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio; promote norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Akkermansia, and Eubacterium_siraeum_group proliferation; increase the levels of major short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; and maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal flora. In conclusion, these results suggested that SA could reshape the structural composition of intestinal microbes, activate the PI3K/AKT/GLUT2 pathway, improve insulin resistance, and decrease blood glucose levels.

中文翻译：

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松果酸通过激活 PI3K-AKT 信号通路和改变肠道菌群对 2 型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用

2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。这项工作的目的是研究松果酸 (SA) 对糖脂代谢紊乱和肠道菌群失调的影响，并进一步研究其潜在的抗糖尿病分子机制。实验数据表明，SA可以减轻T2DM引起的高脂血症、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、炎症反应，修复肝功能损伤，促进糖原合成。SA还可以激活PI3K/AKT/GLUT-2信号通路，促进糖代谢基因表达，维持葡萄糖稳态。此外，16S rRNA 分析显示 SA 可以降低厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门 (F/B) 比率；推动norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Akkermansia， 和Eubacterium_siraeum_group增殖; 增加主要短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 的水平，例如乙酸、丙酸和丁酸；并维持肠道菌群的稳态。总之，这些结果表明 SA 可以重塑肠道微生物的结构组成，激活 PI3K/AKT/GLUT2 通路，改善胰岛素抵抗，降低血糖水平。